Ọrịa mamịrị fetopathy n'ime ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ

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Ruo ogologo oge, ọrịa shuga bụ ihe kpatara nnukwu ọrịa na ọnwụ nke ndị nne, yana ọrịa nwatakịrị nwụrụ. Ruo mgbe achoputara insulin (na 1921), umunwanyi anabataghi oge omumu, na pacenti ise n’ime ha nwere ike ime.

N'ihe dị ime, ndị dọkịta na-adụkarị ya ọdụ ka ọ ete ime, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-eyi ndụ nwanyị ahụ egwu dị ukwuu. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nchịkwa ọrịa ka ọ kawanye mma, na enwebelata nnukwu ọrịa nwatakịrị nne.

Mana n'otu oge ahụ, ụmụaka ndị mụrụ nne nwere ọrịa shuga na-ebute site na 2 ruo 15% nke ikpe. Site na 30 ruo 50% nke ikpe ọnwụ na-emetụta arụmọrụ na-adị n'ime ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ a.

Ndị nne n'ọdịnihu nwere ọrịa shuga 1 nwere okpukpu ise karịa ka ha nwere ịmụ nwa na ọnwụ n'etiti ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ. Ọzọkwa, na ụmụaka ndị pụtarala ụdị ụmụ nwanyị dị otú ahụ, ọnwụ ụmụ ọhụrụ dị okpukpu atọ karịa, na mgbe ọ dị afọ 15.

Umuaka nwere nne nwere oria mellitus nke udiri mbu kariri okpukpu ato karie site na iji akuko kesarean, ha nwere uto uto okpukpu okpukpu okpukpu iri na nke achoro anya nke oma.

Gịnị bụ ọrịa mamịrị fetopathy?

Ọrịa mamịrị fetopathy bụ ọrịa nwata n’ime akpa nwa wee mụọ nwanyị nwere ọrịa shuga, na-enwekarị nsogbu na-esite na mmepe nwa ebu n’afọ. Ha na-amalite mgbe ọnwa nke mbụ gachara ma ọ bụrụ na ọrịa shuga nne adịghịzi agafe ma ọ bụ na-akwụghị ụgwọ nke ọma.

A na-enyocha ọnọdụ nke nwa ebu n’afọ n’adịghị ime, a na-enyocha mmiri ọmụmụ maka mkpokọta lecithin na sphingomyelin, a na-enyocha ụfụfụ, nyocha ọdịbendị, na ntụpọ Gram. Amụrụ ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ Apgar.

Bornmụaka ndị nne mụrụ shuga nwere ike ịnwe mgbanwe ndị a:

  • nsogbu nke iku ume;
  • hypoglycemia;
  • gigantism ma ọ bụ erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ;
  • ihu abụọ;
  • hypomagnesemia;
  • polycythemia na hyperbilirubinemia;
  • nmeghari umu nwoke.

Frommụaka sitere na ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọrịa shuga na-egbu oge na mkpopụta akụrụ n'ihi mgbochi nke mkpali nke mmegị ngụgụ n'okpuru ọrụ cortisol n'ihi hyperinsulinemia.

4% nke ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ na-enwe nsogbu akpa ume, 1% na-enwe kadiotepathy hypertrophic, polycythemia na transient tachypnea nke nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ.

Dabere na hyperhesis nke Pederson, ọrịa mamịrị fetopathy, gigantism na hypoglycemia na-etolite n'ụkpụrụ a: "hyperinsulinism nwa ebu n'afọ - hyperglycemia nne." Ọtụtụ mgbe, mmejọ na nwata na-ebilite n'ihi nchịkwa adịghị mma nke mkpokọta glucose na ọbara nne n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke ịtụrụ ime.

Ọ bụrụ na nwanyị nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 1, mgbe ahụ ọ ga-enwerịrị njikwa glycemic echiche ma jiri nlezianya na-eme atụmatụ ịtụrụ ime ya iji gbochie afọ ime n'afọ na nwa ebu n'afọ.

Hyperglycemia nke nwanyi

Hyperglycemia nke nwanyị n’oge afọ ime nwere ike iduga ịmụ nwa nwere oke ibu, nsogbu dyselectrolyte na ọrịa obi.

A na - achọpụta Macrosomy (gigantism) ma ọ bụrụ na ogo nwata ma ọ bụ oke ahụ nwata gbawara ihe karịrị 90 centiles n'ihe gbasara afọ ime. A na-ahụ Macrosomia na 26% ụmụ amụrụ ndị nwanyị nwere ọrịa shuga, na ụmụaka sitere na izugbe otu na 10% nke ikpe.

N'ihi oke aru nke nwa ebu n’afọ na nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ, ihe ọghọm nke ịmalite inwe nsogbu ụnyahụ dịka dystopia nke ubu nwa ebu n’afọ, azu agha, mmerụ ọkpụkpụ na mmerụ nke brachial plexus n’oge ịmụ nwa na-abawanye.

A ga-enyocha ụmụaka niile nwere gigantism ka ha nwee ike hypoglycemia. Nke a dị ezigbo mkpa mgbe nwanyị nwetara nnukwu glucose mmiri n’oge ọmụmụ nwa.

Ọ bụrụ na aru na ịdị elu nke nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ nwere ihe ngosi na-erughị centiles 10 na afọ ime ha, mgbe ahụ ha na-ekwu maka nlọghachi azụ intrauterine.

Ọzọkwa, oge ntozu etozu bụ izu abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na-amalite n'oge afọ ime. A na-achọpụta azụmazu azụ intrauterine n'ime 20% ụmụ aka ndị inyom nọ n’ime ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọrịa shuga yana 10% ụmụaka n’ime ndị ọzọ. Nke a bụ n'ihi ihe omume na nsogbu renovaskụkụkasị nne nne.

N'ime awa izizi nke ndụ nwa ebu n'afọ, hypoglycemia na-ewere ọnọdụ oge niile. Ejiri ya na hypotension muscle, ụba njikere, obi ilu, lethargic na-a ,ụ, mkpu adịghị ike.

N'ụzọ bụ isi, ụdị hypoglycemia dị otú ahụ enweghị ngosipụta nke ọgwụgwọ. Ọnụnọ nke ọnọdụ a na-apụta na izu mbụ nke ndụ nwatakịrị.

Mmepe hypoglycemia n'ime ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ na-amalite n'ihi hyperinsulinism. E jikọtara ya na hyperplasia nke mkpụrụ ndụ beta pancreatic nke nwatakịrị dịka mmeghachi omume na ọkwa shuga n'ọbara nne. Mgbe eriri eriri, njikọta shuga sitere n’aka nne na-akwụsị n’ike, mmepụta nke insulin na-aga n’ihu n’ọ̀ ukwuu, nke na-akpata hypoglycemia. Ọrụ ọzọ na mmepe nke ọnọdụ a na-emekwa ka nrụgide site na nchepụta ọnọdụ, ebe ọkwa catecholamines na-ebili.

Ihe mbu

Ọrịa mamịrị fetopathy na-achọ usoro ndị a na akụkụ mbụ mgbe amuchara nwa ebu n'afọ:

  1. Intanọgide na-enwekarị glucose n'ime ọbara.
  2. Chekwa ahụ ahụ nke nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ site na ogo 36.5 ruo 37.5.

Ọ bụrụ na shuga dị n'ọbara dara ihe na-erughị 2 mmol / lita, mgbe ahụ i kwesịrị ịgbanye glucose na-eme ọbara n'ọnọdụ ebe ọkwa glycemia mgbe ị nyesịrị nwa nri, na hypoglycemia nwere ngosipụta ọgwụgwọ.

Ọ bụrụ na shuga dị n'ọbara dara n'okpuru 1.1 mmol / liter, ị ga-agharịrị gbanye nfuli glucose 10% n'ime ya iji weta ya na 2.5-3 mmol / liter. Iji mezuo ebumnuche a, a na-agbakọ usoro ọgwụ glucose 10% na ego nke 2 ml / kg ma jiri ya na nkeji ise ruo 10. Iji mee ka euglycemia na-arụ ọrụ, otu mmiri bolus nke 10% glucose na-arụ site na ike nke 6-7 mg / kg kwa nkeji. Mgbe ị rụzuru ọgwụ euglycemia, ọnụego nchịkwa kwesịrị ịbụ 2 mg / kg kwa nkeji.

Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa ahụ na-abanyezi n'ime awa iri na abụọ, mgbe ahụ, a ga-agbanye na infusion na ọnụọgụ 1-2 mg / kg kwa nkeji.

A na-emezigharị mgbanye glucose na nzụlite nri nri nke nri.

Maka ịkwado iku ume, a na-eji ụzọ dị iche iche nke ọgwụgwọ oxygen, nke na-enye ohere idobe ọkwa nke saturation oxygen na usoro venous karịa 90%. Maka ụmụaka amụrụ tupu izu iri atọ na asaa nke mmegharị ahụ, a na-eme nkwadebe surfactant na njedebe.

A na-agwọ nsogbu ndị dị na cardio n'otu ụzọ ahụ oria yiri ya na ụmụaka ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na enwere ọrịa nke obere ejection na mgbochi nke mpụta traktị nke ventricle ekpe, mgbe ahụ ka etinyere propranolol (ọgwụ sitere na otu beta-blocker). Ihe ọ na-akpata nwere ike ịdabere na ya:

  1. Site na 0,5 ruo 4 μg / kg kwa nkeji - maka ọitationụ nke ndị na-anabata dopamine, vasodilation (akụkụ ụbụrụ, akwara ozi, mesenteric), mmụba nke akwara gbasara akwara na mbelata ngụkọta ngụgụ nke akwara.
  2. 5-10 mcg / kg kwa nkeji - na-eme ka mwepụta norepinephrine dịkwuo mma (n'ihi ọ receụ nke ndị na-anabata B 1 na B 2 adrenergic), na-akpali mmepụta obi na mmepụta obi.
  3. 10-15 mcg / kg kwa nkeji - na - akpata vasoconstriction na tachycardia (n'ihi mkpali nke B 1 -adrenoreceptors).

Propranolol bụ onye na - abụghị onye na - ahọrọ nhọrọ nke ndị na - anabata B-adrenergic ma a na - eji ya eme ihe na 0.25 mg / kg kwa ụbọchị. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, n'ọdịniihu, enwere ike ịbawanye dose ahụ, mana ọ bụghị karịa 3.5 mg / kg kwa awa isii. Maka nhazi ngwa ngwa intravenous (n’ime nkeji iri), a na-eji ọgwụ 0.01 mg / kg n’ime awa isii ọ bụla.

Ọ bụrụ na arụmọrụ myocardium adịghị ebelata ma egbochikwa oghere dị na mpaghara ventricle aka ekpe, mgbe ahụ, a na-eji ọgwụ inotropic eme ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ:

  • dopamine (intropin)
  • dobutrex (dobutamine).

Dopamine na-akpali ndị na-anabata adrenergic na ndị na-anabata dopamine, dobutamine na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị na-anabata ndị na-anabata ndị ọrịa, ya mere ọ naghị emetụta usoro ọbara na-agafe.

Mmetụta ọgwụ ndị a na-enweta na hemodynamics bụ dabere na dose. Iji gbakọọ izu nke ọgwụ inotropic dabere na ịdị arọ nke nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ ma na-eburu afọ mmega ahụ dị iche, a na-eji tebụl pụrụ iche.

Mmezi nke ọgba aghara na nguzozi nke electrolytes.

Nke mbu, I kwesiri idozi ihe magnesium di n’ime obara. Iji mee nke a, tinye 25% nke magnesium sulfate na ọnụego nke 0.2 ml kwa kilogram nke ịdị arọ.

Adịgboroja na-ahụkarị onwe ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ, a na-edozi ya na usoro 10% nke kalịnda gluconate na usoro nke 2 ml kwa kilogram nke ahụ. A na-enye ọgwụ ahụ n'ime ntapu ma ọ bụ iyi 5 nkeji.

Ejiri Phototherapy gwọọ jaundice.

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