Gịnị bụ ọrịa shuga (shuga, na-abụghị shuga): ihe kpatara na ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa shuga

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Ọrịa shuga mellitus (ọrịa shuga insipidus) bụ ọrịa endocrine na-adịghị ahụkebe nke na-ebute n'ihi nsogbu pituitary, hypothalamus, ma ọ bụ ọrụ akụrụ. Ejiri polydipsia (mmetụta akpịrị na-akpọ nkụ mgbe niile) yana polyuria (mmụba mmụba nwere - site na 6 ruo 50 lita kwa ụbọchị).

Ọrịa a bụ nke na-adịghị ala ala, ọ nwere ike ibute n’ime ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke na afọ ọ bụla, mana ọtụtụ mgbe ọrịa shuga insipidus na-eme n’etiti ndị gbara afọ 18 -28.

Ahụhụ pituitary na hypothalamus bụ gland endocrine nke na-ejikọta. Ha na-anọchite anya otu ngalaba na-ahụ maka ihe na-achịkwa gland endocrine nke anụ ahụ.

Attentionaa ntị! Neurons nke hypothalamus na - ewepụta homonụ - oxygentocin na vasopressin.

A na - anakọta homonụ Antidiuretic - vasopressin na posterior pituitary gland. A na-ahapụ homonụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa ma na-achịkwa iweghachị mmiri n’arụ nephrons.

N'ihe banyere mbelata nke homonụ nke antidiuretic n'ọbara n'ime akụrụ na usoro nke iweghasị mmiri, ọ na-ewe iwe, ọ bụ ya kpatara etolite polyuria.

Ọrịa na ihe na-akpata ọrịa shuga insipidus

Ọrịa shuga mellitus syndrome na-egosi ma ọ bụrụ na mgbanwe mgbanwe a na-ahụ n'ahụ ahụ, ihe ndị na-akpata ya bụ:

  • nkwalite nke vasopressin enwekwukwa;
  • ihe omume nke etolite na pituitary gland na hypothalamus;
  • n’ime mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a nwapụtara na akụrụ, nsogbu uche a na-ebute homonụ nke antidiuretic na-eme;
  • mmebi nke hypothalamus ma ọ bụ pituitary gland;
  • ihe nketa (ihe ga - enyere aka ụdị autosomal);
  • mmebi isi ma ọ bụ ịwa ahụ akwara na-emeghị eme, nke na-akpata mmebi nke vasopressin neurons;
  • metastases oncological nke nwere mmetụta ọjọọ na ọrụ nke ma glands abụọ;
  • autoimmune na ọrịa na-efe efe na-emebi neurons nke homonụ antidiuretic.

Ihe mgbaàmà kachasị nke ọrịa shuga mellitus bụ polydipsia na polyuria, nwere ogo ogo dịgasị iche.

Mgbaàmà na-egosi na ọrịa ogologo oge

Ogologo oge nke ọrịa ahụ, ihe mgbaàmà dịka mmụba nke eriri afo, prolapse na anya nke afọ bụ njirimara. Ihe mgbaàmà nke ọrịa shuga insipidus na-agụnyekwa anorexia (oke oke ibu), ọgbụgbọ, na ọgbụgbọ.

Ihe mgbaàmà ndị a na-esochi bụ ọbara mgbali elu, ndọpụ uche, na asthenia. Ọrịa shuga mellitus na-esokwa ya na mgbaàmà ndị dị ka migraine na sedation nke mpaghara anya.

Imirikiti ihe mgbaàmà nke ọrịa shuga na-arịa ọrịa shuga:

  1. akpụkpọ akpọnwụ akpọnwụ na atonic;
  2. ẹhu-eghu iya;
  3. chie cheekbones.

Ọzọkwa, mgbe ụfọdụ, na mgbanwe dị ukwuu na ọnọdụ ahụ, onye ọrịa na-etolite ihe mgbaàmà dịka orthostatic ida.

Diagnostics

Mgbe ị na-ekpebi nchoputa ahụ, ọ dị mkpa iji gosipụta n'ụzọ ziri ezi ụdị ọrịa ahụ ka ọgwụgwọ ahụ wee bụrụ nke kachasị mma. Maka nchoputa nke oria a, anamnesis na ihe iriba ama na egosiputa polydipsia na polyuria (ihe kariri lita abuo kwa ubochi) di nkpa.

Ọ bụrụ na akụkọ banyere ahụike na ahụike gosipụtara ọrịa shuga insipidus, mgbe ahụ dọkịta depụtara ụfọdụ ule. N'okwu a, mmadụ kwesịrị ịhapụ mmiri ruo nwa oge.

Onye ọrịa ahụ na-enyekwa mmamịrị na ule ọbara iji chọpụta:

  • mmamiri mmamiri;
  • osoosu;
  • ịta nke nitrogen, potassium, glucose, sodium, calcium n'ime ọbara;
  • glucosuria.

Emere nyocha ọzọ maka iri nri, nke onye ọrịa anaghị a waterụ mmiri site na awa 8 ruo 24. N'ime usoro nyocha, a na-edekọ ịdị arọ, ịdị ukwuu na olu nke mmamịrị kwa oge, a na-atụkwa ihe sodium dị na mmamịrị.

Ọ bụrụ na ịdị arọ nke onye ọrịa belata site na 5%, yana ego nke sodium karịrị 3 mmol / l, emesịa nyocha ahụ. Yabụ, enwere ike ịgbagha ma ọ bụ gosipụta ọnụnọ nke ọrịa shuga insipidus, nke na-enweghị ọgwụ antidiuretic, nke na-eme ka o kwe omume ịme mgbasa ọrịa na polydipsia ụjọ na ụbụrụ.

Nchoputa di iche banyere nephrogenic na hypothalamic diabetes insipidus syndrome bu ihe omumu jiri Minirin: a na-eme nnwale dika Zimnitsky tupu iwere Minirin na mgbe o mechara ogwu a. Ọ bụrụ na, mgbe ị theụsịrị ọgwụ ahụ, olu mmamịrị na-ebelata ma njupụta ya na-abawanye, nke a na-egosi nchọpụta nke hypothalamic diabetes insipidus.

Maka nchọpụta dị iche nke ụdị nephrogenic na hypothalamic, ọdịnaya nke vasopressin dị n'ọbara dị ezigbo mkpa: yana ọrịa shuga nephrogenic, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke hormone a na-abawanye, na nke abụọ, a na-echetaghị ya.

Iji chọpụta ụdị ọrịa mellitus nke ọrịa shuga, a na-eme MRI, nke na-ekpebi ọnụnọ nke ọnya, ntụpọ na -ewupụta ihe na nguzobe na pituitary gland.

Ọgwụgwọ

Ọrịa shuga nke Central

Ọgwụ maka ụdị insipidus shuga a na-agụnye iji usoro ọgwụgwọ na-aga n'ihu. Isi ọgwụ eji agwọ ọrịa na-aga nke ọma bụ Desmopressin na ụdị ya:

  • Minirin (mbadamba) - analogue nke anodi nke homonụ antidiuretic;
  • Adiuretin (ampoules) - maka intranasal iji.

Minirin (vasopressin wuru ewu)

Mgbe nchịkwa gasịrị, enwere ike ịchọpụta ọgwụ ahụ n'ọbara mgbe oge 15-30 gasịrị, a na-abanyekwa uche ya mgbe nkeji iri abụọ gachara.

Dọkịta ahụ na-ahọrọ usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ n'otu n'otu, na-elele nsonaazụ nke ọgwụ ahụ mgbe ọgwụgwọ dị na ọkwa mbụ. E dobere ọgwụ a, dabere na ọnụọgụ nke mmanya na-egbu egbu yana ọnụọgụ nke urination. Dịka iwu, ọ bụ mbadamba 1-2 kwa ụbọchị.

A na-ewere ọgwụ ahụ ọkara otu awa tupu nri ma ọ bụ mgbe awa 2 gachara. Ogologo oge nke Minirin bụ site na awa asatọ ruo iri na abụọ, yabụ, a ga-ewere ya ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị.

Bụrụ na ị doụbiga ya ókè, ọ nwere ike ịpụta:

  • ọzịza;
  • isi ọwụwa
  • mbelata mmamịrị.

Ihe ndị na - akpata ịdoụbiga mmanya ókè na - ejikọkarị ya na usoro ọgwụgwọ ezighi ezi, mgbanwe ihu igwe, ahụ ọkụ na mgbanwe ndụ.

Ọgwụ nke ọrịa shuga insipidus nephrogenic

Ọgwụgwọ ụdị ọrịa a gụnyere ọgwụ ọgwụgwọ ejikọtara ọnụ, nke nwere ụdị ọrịa dị iche iche na obere nnu. Nke a dị mkpa iji bulie mmetụta nke thiazide diuretics.

Dịka ọgwụgwọ a na-ejikọ ya, a na-eji ndị na-egbochi prostaglandin: ibuprofen, aspirin, indomethacin.

Attentionaa ntị! Thedị nephrogenic nke ọrịa shuga insipidus, Desmopressin enweghị ike.

Ọgwụ ọgwụgwọ nke ụdị ọrịa dipsogenic a chọghị ọgwụ. Ebumnuche ya bụ ka ibelata oke mmiri na-a consumedụ.

Ọrịa shuga na-arịa ọrịa insipidus, onye ọrịa kwesịrị ịkwụsịlata nnu, mmanya na nri protein. Isi ihe nri ya kwesiri bu mmiri ara ehi, nkpuru osisi na akwukwo nri.

Ma iji belata akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, ịkwesịrị iji apụl na lemon drinksụọ mmanya dị mma.

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