Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka mmadụ niile mara na anụ ahụ nwere akụkụ ahụ - pancreas, mebiri ọrụ ya, ọrịa shuga mellitus ma ọ bụ pancreatitis enweghị atụ. A na-ebute ọnọdụ ọgbụgba site n'ọtụtụ ihe, iche na mgbaàmà, ụzọ ọgwụgwọ.
Mana kedu ihe kpatara ọrịa nke otu akụkụ ji bụrụ ihe na-akpata ọgba aghara nri na usoro metabolic? Azịza nke ajụjụ a dị na njirimara nke arụ ọrụ pancreas na nhazi ya.
Na Latin, a na-akpọ pancreas "pancreas, site n'okwu a okwu ndị a na-eme pancreatic, pancreatitis sitere. Ahụ́ na-emepụta enzymes pancreatic dị mkpa maka mgbaze nri, na-ezobe homonụ dị iche iche n'ime n'ọbara, bụ nke mbụ insulin.
Ebee ka pancreas dị?
Anụ a na-ahụkarị n’akpa afọ dị n’ime oghere retroperitoneal na ọkwa nke lumbar vertebrae nke mbụ yana nke abụọ. Azụ nke afọ na azụ ihu nke pancreas na - ekewa site na mmanu - akpịrị nke abụba.
Ọrịa gland dị n'akụkụ anụ ahụ, na-esite na hypochondrium nke aka ekpe gaa spleen. Ọkpụkpụ ahụ dị n'okpuru anụ ahụ dị na kọntaktị vena cava dị ala, aorta. Mgbe ị na-enyocha ahụ mmadụ na ọnọdụ supine, pancreas dị kpọmkwem n'okpuru afọ ahụ, akwara ọbara na kọlụ nke ogwe aka na-edina n'okpuru.
A na-ahụkarị ụdị gland ahụ, akụkụ ya kacha ukwuu ka a na-akpọ isi, obosara nwere ike iru 7.5 sentimita. Isi gafere n’ahụ dị gịrịgịrị, ọdụ nke pancreas na-apụta n’aka ekpe, n’ozuzu, ogo anụ ahụ dị ihe dịka 14 ruo 23 sentimita.
Ihe dị na isi bụ duodenum, n'ime ya, akwara wirsung ga-emepe, nke mmiri pịrị apị na-ezobe, nke nwere enzymes dị mkpa na-akụda nri steeti.
Ọgwụgwụ nke duct a na njikọta dule, nke na-apụta site na bọta. Kedu nke na-egosi ihe ndia:
- ịdị n'otu nke ọrụ digestive nke pancreas na imeju;
- nkwukọrịta nke usoro nri na duodenum;
- enwere ike imebi udiri ọrịa a.
Eriri Wirsung nke dị na mgbidi nke duodenum na-akpụkwa akpa nwa Vater, n’elu ugwu a bụ okirikiri akwara okirikiri nke Oddi. N'oge nsụchi, ọ na-egbochi mkpọchi akwara ahụ, ebe a na-ezu ike, ihe ọ pancụ pancụ pancreatic na otu bile na-abanye n'ime eriri afọ. N'ime ụfọdụ mmadụ, pancreas nwere ike mebe mgbanaka gburugburu duodenum, na-ete ya.
Ekpu ahu nke di n’elu kpuchie ya na karie ala ala karie ya, site na ya ka eji ahughari ariri ahu n’ahu.
Ọdịdị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke pancreas
Anụ a na-ahụ anya bụ akụkụ dị ya na ihe arụrụ arụ, ọ nwere akụkụ abụọ buru ibu nke nwere ọrụ dị iche iche: exocrine, endocrine. Akụkụ exocrine bụ maka ihe nzuzo nke ihe na - eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị n'ahụ, ọ bụrụ akụkụ bụ isi nke akụkụ ahụ, na - akpụzi ọdịnaya nke ime, nke mgbidi nke gland na - amachi.
Mkpụrụ ndụ nke akụkụ a na-etolite ụyọkọ pụrụ iche, jikọtara ọnụ na lobules - sel acinar nke pancreas. Saịtị ndị a na - emepụta enzymes, gụnyere: lipase, amylase na protease.
Obere ahụ a na –eme ka ekpenta ya n ’ọfụma na nnukwu, nke mere na enzymes pancreatic banye n’ime eriri Wirsung. Ọ bụrụ na mmerụ ahụ na - eme ka akụkụ ụbụrụ nke exocrine pụta, onye ọrịa na - ata ahụhụ site na usoro mkpali na pancreas, ya bụ, pancreatitis.
N'ime oghere nke exocrine akụkụ, nke kachasị na ọdụ nke gland, enwere obere akụkụ nke akụkụ endocrine, ha na-eburu ihe dịka otu ụzọ nke ngụkọta nke akụkụ ahụ, a na-akpọkwa agwaetiti nke Langerhans. Enwere ihe dị ka otu nde sel ndị a, dabere n'ụdị ha na-egbochi homonụ:
- insulin;
- somatostatin;
- glucagon;
- polypeptide ọgwụ mgbu.
N'elu agwaetiti nke Langerhans bụ otu netwọsị nke obere ọbara, nke na-enye ohere homonụ ịbanye n'ọbara ọbara ozugbo. Mgbe emetụta akụkụ a nke gland, ọrịa ahụ na-apụta ọrịa shuga mellitus nke mbụ (congenital) ma ọ bụ nke abụọ (enwetara) (dabere na ihe kpatara nsogbu ahụ).
A na-enye pancreas n'ọbara site na akwara ndị otu dị iche iche: nnukwu mesenteric, ịba ọcha n'anya, splenic. A na-adọta ọbara site na akwara n'ime akwara ọbara. Emere gland ka enwekwa otutu nnabata akwara na –eme site na celiac plexus na akwara ikpu.
Inwepụta na-eme ka o kwe omume ịhazi ihe nzuzo nke homonụ na enzymes a na-eme ka mmadụ nwee ike mejupụta ihe gland ga-egosi site na ihe ngosipụta nke ụdị ihe dị iche iche.
A na-akpọ ụkpụrụ a humoral.
Ọrụ Exocrine
Ihe eserese nke akụkụ exocrine nke pancreas na mpaghara endocrine na-enyere aka inwe echiche gbasara ahụ, ọrụ ya. Agbanyeghị, ọ dị mkpa iji aka ọrụ ihe ahụ na arụ ọrụ na ahụ mmadụ.
Dabere na nhazi nke pancreas, ọ dị mkpa ịrụ ọrụ: exocrine (exocrine) na intracretory (endocrine). Ọrụ exocrine bụ nzuzo nke ihe ọreatụ pancụ na-egbu egbu nke nwere enzymu nke ahaziri iji gwuo nri nri: nuclease, lipase, amylase, protease, steapsin.
Nuclease dị mkpa maka mmebi nke nucleic asịd nke na-abanye nri na nri. Ha na-eme ka ihe ndị ọbịa dị iche iche na-abanye na ngwangwa diges na-aba n'ime obere akụkụ.
Ihe nchebe dị mkpa maka mmebi protein, ihe kachasị mkpa nke enzymes chymotrypsinogen, trypsinogen, ha bụ:
- mepụtara n'ụdị arụghị ọrụ;
- arụ ọrụ n'ime eriri afọ n'okpuru ọrụ nke enterokinase;
- ghọọ chymotrypsin, trypsin.
Ihe ndị mepụtara na-esite ike, ha na-emebi protein na amino acid.
N'ihi amylase, stachi na glycogen na-agbari, lipase na steapsin dị mkpa maka nbibi nke akwara.
A na - aputa apiti site na obere uzo, ihe di iche iche nwere ike mee ka mmata ya di elu. N'ime ha: mmetụta ntụgharị uche dị mma (ọdịdị nri, isi, ịkwadebe maka nri), na-emegharị ahụ n'emeghị mgbanwe (usoro nke ịta na ilo nri), ihe na-akpata humoral, anya nke afọ.
Iwu mkpuchi nke Humoral na-emetụta ya na eriri afọ nke nwoke na-ahụ maka pancreosimine, secretin, nke mkpụrụ ndụ duodenum na-edebe mgbe hydrochloric acid, protein na-akụda protein, na-abanye na ya. Ya mere, imepụta ihe ọ pancụ pancụ pancreatic na-adabere kpọmkwem na nri.
Ndozigharị na - agbanwe agbanwe na - emetụta mmiri zoro ezo nke ihe ọricụ gastụ gastric site na etiti dị na medulla oblongata, usoro nke nzuzo nke ihe enzyme, ọtụtụ homonụ na-adabere na ọrụ:
- gland thyroid;
- pituitary gland;
- gren adrenal.
Mgbe usoro ahụ gbajiri, pancreas na-ata ahụhụ.
Ọrụ endocrine
N'okpuru mmetụta nke ihe ndị mmadụ na-eme ka mkpịsị ugodi, mkpụrụ ndụ islet na-egbochi insulin homonụ, glucagon, somatostatin, na polypeptide pancreatic banye n'ọbara. Inyocha insulin dị mkpa maka ịnwe ụmụ irighiri glucose zuru oke site na sel nke anụ ahụ, nke mbụ, nke a metụtara akwara na anụ ahụ nwere abụba.
Enwere mgbanwe shuga n'ime glycogen, a na-echekwa ya na imeju na akwara, na -eme ka ọ dị mkpa. Enweghị insulin homonụ, mmebi nke nsonaazụ ya n'ahụ mmadụ ga - enwerịrị mmepe nke ụdị nke 1 ma ọ bụ ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 (ọrịa afọ ma ọ bụ nke enwetara ọrịa shuga).
Ihe glucose nke hormone ahụ nwere mmetụta nke na - emegide insulin; ọ na - akpata nkwụsị nke glycogen na imeju, yana mmụba nke glycemia. Ọ tụgharịrị na homonụ abụọ ahụ na-enyere aka ịlele ezigbo carbohydrates.
Na ngwongwo somatostatin na-egbochi nzuzo:
- homonụ na-akpali akpali na homonụ nke pancreatic;
- ọru;
- enzymes nri.
Polypeptide na-abawanye ihe nzuzo nke mmiri ọ gastụ gastụ na-egbu egbu, mkpụrụ ndụ islet na-enwe ike ichebe ntakịrị mmiri agụụ agụụ (ghrelin), c-peptide. Ihe ndị a na-enye aka na mgbaze nkịtị.
Site na mmebi nke parenchyma nke pancreatic, agwaetiti Langerhans na-ata ahụhụ, usoro nke usoro mgbaze, nnabata nke nri dị mkpa. A ga-agwọ ọrịa ọ bụla na-egbu egbu n'oge kwesịrị, akụkụ ahụ dị mkpa maka ahụike mmadụ.
Usoro ogwu kachasị dị ize ndụ ga-abụ adenocarcinoma mgbe ọrịa cancer nke anụ ahụ glandular tolite.
Ọrịa nke enzyme erughi
Nsonaazụ nke usoro mkpali na pancreas bụ ezughi oke, ụkọ na mbelata nke mmepụta enzymes. Na mgbakwunye, ka oge na-aga, enwere ngbanwe nke glandular anụ ahụ na njikọ ahụ.
Ihe mbu butere oria a bu iribiga mmanya na egbu egbu, ya bu na nri ojoo, onodu oria ndi ozo, oria, oria, na iji ogwu.
Enweghị lipase, amylase na trypsin na-akpalite nsogbu nri digestive. Ihe mgbaàmà nke malfunctions na pancreas ga-abụ enweghị ahụ iru ala na oghere akụkụ aka ekpe nke ọgịrịga n'okpuru ọgịrịga, imerụ ahụ mgbe ị risịrị nri.
Ihe ngosi ndi ozo nke udidi a gha abia:
- vomiting, ọgbụgbọ;
- agụụ riri;
- mẹ ivu;
- mgbanwe agbanwe agbanwe, agba nke feces;
- na-eme mkpọtụ n’afọ.
Ihe nrịba ama nke ọrịa pụtara dabere na ọrịa ahụ. N'ihi mgbaze na-adịghị mma, anụ ahụ na-enwe ụkọ nri, nsogbu ndị metabolic kpatara osteoarthrosis, osteochondrosis, vaskụla atherosclerosis.
Mpepu nke lipase na-eme onwe ya mmanu mmanu, oche tọgbọrọ chakoo, na-egbochi oke abụba na ọnya. A na-egosipụta ụkọ amylase site na afọ ọsịsa, ụkọ vitamin, ịba ụba nke microflora ohere, oche ọkụ volumetric. Obere ihe nke trypsin gosiputara site na mgbo ahihia, anaemia.
Ebe ọ bụ na usoro nkewa nke nri na-agbagha, na-emegide ihe oriri na-abawanye ụba,
- okpo iku ume;
- ụkọ vitamin;
- akpụkpọ akpọnwụ;
- isi nke mbọ.
Ugboro ugboro, ubara gas na abawanye na-emekwa.
Mmebi nke mpụga ihe enzyme n'ime eriri afọ na-akpata mgbakasị anụ ahụ, ọrịa na pancreatic necrosis. Mgbe emebi mkpụrụ ndụ islet, ọrụ nke imepụta insulin homonụ na-egbochi, ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa shuga nke ọrịa mbụ na nke abụọ na-abawanye, ogo nke ihe mgbaàmà na-adabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpụrụ ndụ beta dị ndụ.
Enweghị glucagon enweghị mmetụta ọjọọ dị otú ahụ siri ike, ebe ọ bụ na -emepụta homonụ ndị ọzọ nwere mmetụta yiri ya na ahụ. Iji mee nchọpụta, dọkịta ga-achọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke pancreas na ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ndị ọzọ.
A tụlere ọrụ na usoro nke pancreas na vidiyo n'isiokwu a.
