Atherosclerosis bụ ọrịa na - emetụta arịa dị iche iche nke na-agbanwe agbanwe na akwara, na-anapụ ha ihe ha bu pụta ụwa na-arụ ọrụ na-adọrọ adọrọ na mmanụ nke ọbara.
N'okwu a, abụba-protein detritus na-agbakọta na mgbidi arịa, yana ihe ncheta. Ihe ncheta a na-aputa n’iru na-agbasa ma na-eto, na-akawanye ọbara n’iru ruo mgbe ọ kpuchiri kpamkpam.
Ihe etiological nke na-eduga na mmepe nke mgbanwe nke atherosclerotic bụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na amabeghị nke ọma.
Mana ihe ndị a na-ekwupụta na ọnụọgụgụ siri ike na-ewelite ohere ịrịa ọrịa:
- Oking Smụ sịga - ọgwụ nicotine mgbe nile, nke bụ onye ogbugbo n’ọdịdị endogenous eke dị n’ime ahụ, na-atọpụ ụkpụrụ nke akwara vaskụla na ntụrụndụ, nke na-eme ka ha bụrụ ndị na-emebi emebi na ịnwetanwu maka ịbanye n’ime mmiri nke atherosclerotic.
- Ọrịa shuga mellitus - ọgba aghara na-akpata nke metabolism metabolism na-akpata mmerụ ahụ n’ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmeghachi omume metabolic n’ahụ, gụnyere metabolism abụba Ofdị mkpụrụedemụ dị n'ime ya na-abanye n'ọbara ọbara ma na-efegharị ebe ahụ ruo mgbe ha ruru mgbidi ahụ.
- Ọbara mgbali elu - mgbali elu na - eduga n’ọkpụkpụ akwara nke arịa ọbara, ọ kachasị mfe ịbanye na sel. Ọzọkwa, angiotensin 2, vasoconstrictor siri ike, na-eme ka permeability nke akpụkpọ ụlọnga dịkwuo elu.
- Oké ibu - ọ bụrụ na enzymes enweghị ike ịnagide abụba nke anụ ahụ ha, anyị enweghị ike ikwu maka kọlọgollar exogenous exogenous.
- Enweghi mgbanwe nke cholesterol n'ụdị ụgbọ - ọ bụrụ na lipoproteins dị elu aghọọghị nke kwesiri, mgbe ahụ cholesterol “dị njọ” na-abawanye ma na-abanye sel sel endothelial.
- Hypodynamia - ụdị ibi ndụ na - eme ka obi na - emebi obi na arịa ọbara, akwara ahụ ha na - adị ala dịka enweghị isi.
- Ihe mgbochi a na-aralụ nke na-egbu mmụọ na-akpasu ụmụ nwanyị oke nyocha. A maara na ụmụ nwoke na-arịa ọrịa na nkezi 5 ugboro karịa, n'ihi na ụmụ nwanyị nwere oke angioprotector - estrogen hormone mmekọahụ. Illsakingụ ọgwụ na-eme ka ịta ahụ ghara ibelata.
- Ikwu akparamaagwa, nrụgide na - adị oge ụfọdụ na - enweghị nkwụsi ike nke anụ ahụ.
- Nnukwu ngafe carbohydrates.
N’oge na-adịghị anya, ihe na-emetụta otu n’otu oge, ọ na - abụkarị mgbe onye ọrịa nwere usoro dị iche iche ma jikọta ha.
Amaghị usoro nke atherosclerosis ka ụfọdụ, mana enwere ọtụtụ echiche ndị na-akọwa usoro ahụ.
Na usoro nke pathology nke oge a, a na-egosiputa pathogenesis nke atherosclerosis n'ụdị usoro mmụta abụọ na - eduga - lipidogenic na lipidogenic.
Nke mbu n’ime ha sitere na mgbanwe mgbanwe ndu sitere na ihe mejuputara obara na usoro enzyme, n’ilebara uzo nke mbu nke akwara ike.
A na - ahụ usoro nke etiopathogenesis dị iche iche na ya:
- Dolipid ogbo. Enwere ọnya mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial, ụba permeability nke akpụkpọ ahụ, nke protein protein, fibrin, na-abanyeworị na ya. Flat parietal thrombi stick. Intima nke arịa ahụ jupụtara na glycosaminoglycans, ịmịcha mucoindoid pụtara.
- Lipoidosis Nnukwu ọgbụgba dị n'ime ime nwere lipids (cholesterol), imepụta abụba dị iche iche na ọnya anya, nke anya na-ahụ n'anya. Mkpụrụ ndụ ụfụfụ a na-akpọ xanthomas chịkọbara ebe a. Mmeghachi ahụ nke anụ ahụ na - agbanwe na ihe mejupụtara ya na - amalite, ụkwara ahụ na - agbada.
- Liposclerosis Ndị na-ahụ maka ihe banyere ihe dị iche na-emetụta ọdịiche a n'etiti ndị ọzọ, n'ihi na mkpụrụ ndụ fụrụ akpụ ma jupụta na detritus, nke na-eduga n'ịhapụ ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ime anụ ahụ gbara ya gburugburu. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, anụ ahụ jikọrọ ọnụ na-etolite nke ukwuu, a na - enwe ọnụnọ isi ihe dị nro.
- Atherosis Mgbe oruru nke eriri fibrin chikotara abuba, o buru odo. Ihe akara a na –ebi site n'ime ya wee oge ufodu ruru. Ihe ncheta dị otú a na-ejigide eriri nke arịa.
- Udiri. Otu n'ime ihe onodu onyonyo nke enwere ike igha bu oria, ma achoghi ya. 'Igwe mkpuchi' nke ihe ahụ mebiri emebi, ọnya na-amalitekwa n'ọnọdụ ya. Mbibi a ga - egbochi platelet, nke ga - eduga gị ma ọ bụ fibrosis ukwuu, ma ọ bụ banye n'ime nke dị omimi, ihe mgbapụta ga - amalite.
- Atherocalcinosis. Ihe akpati mmeghachi omume na-eme ka ịbanye n'ime oke nke calcium, nke na-egbu oge n'etiti eriri. Ugbu a ihe ncheta ahụ bụ ihe siri ike ma sie ike iwepụ, nkewapụ ahụ jikwa nkwarụ.
Nonkpụrụ na-enweghị ọgwụ apụghị ọgwụ mgbochi nwere ihe dị ka otu ụdị mmepe ọrịa, mana ihe na-akpalite ya bụ mbibi akwara site na ndị na-efe efe, radieshon, ihe kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ nsị.
Agaghị agbagha ụdị ọdịdị nke polhetiological nke atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis bụ ọrịa akwara. Isi ihe na-akpata mgbanwe degenerative bụ triglycerides n'efu, acid na abụba na kọlestrọl.
Ha nwere ma ụzọ mpụga na ụzọ ime ka ha banye na mgbasa free. Iji nweta echiche ziri ezi banyere metabolism cholesterol, anyị ga-enyocha usoro ahụ. Mgbe cholesterol batara n’arụ na nri na abụba anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, ọ na-anyụpụ ma na-agbajikwa n’ime obere eriri afọ, emesịa ịbanye ya.
Ebe obula ihe ndabere nke obara bu mmiri, ma abuba ya n’ime ya gha eme ka ijegharia ahu otutu ahu. Ndị a bụ chylomicrons, HDL na LDL (lipoproteins dị ala na nke dị elu).
HDL na-ebu cholesterol “bara uru”, maka nhazi ya n’ime ike, njikọ nke homonụ na ijigide njupụta nke membranes.
Chylomicrons na-ebuga triglycerides, ngwaahịa bụ isi na-akụda akpịrị.
LDL nwere njikọ cholesterol nke “jọrọ njọ” ma tinye aka na nchịkọta ya na endoplasmic reticulum nke sel ruo mgbe ọ ghọrọ xanthomic.
A na-ekewa mgbanwe na mmekọrịta chiri anya. Akụkụ mbụ nke ihe ncheta ahụ bụ cellular, nke dị na “fibrin“ mkpuchi ”. Enwere ọtụtụ ihe dị nro na akwara, macrophages na leukocytes nke na-ezobe ihe ndị na-eto eto, ịmụba, chemokine, ndị mgbasa ozi na-egbochi mkpali. Ọrịa na-enweghị nkọwa.
Ihe ọzọ na –akpata matriks extracellular nke anụ ahụ na - ejikọta, nke nwere eriri collagen na na-agbanwe agbanwe, proteoglycans, dị mkpa maka iwulite akwara fibrous ọzọ.
Akụkụ miri emi nke intracellular dị n'ime. Nke a bụ ogige necrotic cholesterol nwere esters, kristal. Ihe mejupụtara ya nwekwara nsị nke protein mgbe ọ gbasịrị mkpụrụ ndụ.
N'ihi nhazi nke ndị na-achịkwa anụ ahụ, ọ na-esiri ike ịbanye n'ime ihe ncheta ma mebie anya nke mbufụt.
Ọrịa pathogenesis nke atherosclerosis gụnyere ọ bụghị naanị nchịkọta nke mgbanwe ndị bụ isi maka ihe ngosi na ihe mgbochi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọgwụ.
Ọ na-ekewa usoro ọgwụgwọ pathogenetic nke nsogbu ahụ, na -echi ọnụ n'okwu ikpe ọfụma.
Yabụ, ọ dị mkpa inwe echiche maka ụdị atherosclerosis, nke kachasị dị iche na ngosipụta na nsonazụ ya.
Nkewa na akwara gbasara udi a:
- Atherosclerosis nke aorta. Mostdị kachasị. Mgbanwe ka a na-akpọpụta nke ọma na mpaghara apịtị. Ọnọdụ ịdị nkọ na ụba ọbara mgbali elu na-agbagha ọnọdụ ahụ. Ọbara n'ọbara nke akụkụ ahụ nke anụ ahụ na-akawanye njọ, nrịanrịa akụrụ, ụkwara ume ọkụ, atrophy nke anụ ahụ dị nso, thromboembolism ga-ekwe omume.
- Ọkpụkpụ akwara ọbara. Obi na-eri oke ikuku oxygen mgbe niile. Yabụ, na mgbochi arịa arịa ndị na-ebute ya, myocardial hypoxia na ọrịa obi na-efe efe (CHD) na-amalite. Mgbaàmà ndị a na-ahụkarị ya bụ mgbu obi, gbatị aka aka ekpe, scapula, agha. Ike ọgwụgwụ, ume iku ume, ụkwara, ọzịza. Nsonaazụ ya dị oke egwu - infarction myocardial.
- Akwara akwara nke ụbụrụ. Ọrịa ụbụrụ niile na-amalite ebe a. Site na thrombosis nke akwara ọbara carotid, ọnya afọ ischemic na-apụta. Thedị na-adịghị ala ala nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe atrophic na akụkụ ụbụrụ, encephalopathies, dementia.
- Ọkpụkpụ akwara. Itinye akuko na-aputa ihe na saiti site na isi ogugu. Nsonaazụ atherosclerosis nke akwara akwara bụ akụrụ na-emegharị ahụ. Nzucha adịghị adapụta, ọ bụ ezie na ọbara ọgbụgba na-egosipụta ọbara ọgbụgba.
- Akpụ akwara nke eriri afọ. Ọnọdụ ọdụ ahụ na mmepe nke eriri afọ nke eriri afọ na mpaghara ọnya akpọchiri (gangrene) na peritonitis. Na ngbanye ugwu nke ischemia na-adịghị ala ala, mwakpo nke 'imetọ imebi' na - apụta - colic ozugbo nri, nke ewepụrụ na nitroglycerin.
A na-ahụkwa atherosclerosis nke akwara aka ukwu. Ibepu atherosclerosis nke ikpere ala na-eme ka onye ọrịa nwee nnukwu mgbu na nhụjuanya. A naghị ewepụta acid arịịị site na anụ ahụ dị nro, ọkacha ahụ.
Patientsdị ndị ọrịa a enweghị ike ije ije mita 200 na-enweghị nkwụsị, n'ihi na ọrịa mgbu na-enweghị atụ na-abawanye na usoro ọ bụla. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị oke njọ, ọnya trophic na gangrene nke aka n'ụkwụ ga-ekwe omume.
A na-ekewa mpikota onu n’ime nnukwu ihe na nke na-adịghị ala ala, dabere na ntopute ahụ. Acute bụ ihe na - ebutekarị ọnwụ ma na - ebute oke mbibi ọsọ ọsọ ruo ọtụtụ awa. Nke a bụ oke akwara vaskụla ụkọ (ischemia), ihe na-esochi mmebi ahụ akụkụ ahụ chọrọ nlebara anya. Ihe kpatara ya bu nkpuchi ọbara, emboli, vasospasm nwere mgbapu ojoo. Agụnyere nke a bụ mgbaze nke arịa arịa metụtara ọbara ọgbụgba dị egwu.
Ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nwere ike ịmalite ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, mana usoro asymptomatic na-eme ka ha ghara ịdị obere ihe egwu. Ndị a bụ ọnya hypoxic dị na ala nke otu arịa, mgbanwe dystrophic na atrophic na akụkụ ahụ, uto nke anụ ahụ njikọ, cancer.
Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, pulmonary na hepatic insufficiency, ebe nchekwa na -akpata, nkà ịkwọ ụgbọala, ịmụrụ anya na usoro ihi ụra, mgbagha ọnọdụ, mgbaze na mgbu - nke a abụghị ndepụta zuru oke maka nsonaazụ niile nke ọrịa ahụ. Iji zere nke a, ịkwesịrị ịmalite mgbochi ugbu a, n'ihi na mgbe ahụ ọ nwere ike ịbụ akaha.
Mgbochi cholesterol na-abawanye na usoro ọgwụgwọ nri, mmega ahụ na-agafeghị oke, ịjụ nri ndị nwere abụba na àgwà ọjọọ. Ọgwụgwọ n'ọtụtụ ikpe bụ nchegharị (ọgwụ) ma ọ bụ ịwa ahụ n'ụdị calcified.
Isi ihe nke ọrịa a bụ ndim nke vaskụla mgbidi na ha enweghị ekwedo. Ọrịa Hyalinosis na ọrịa Menckenberg so na ndị a, mana atherosclerosis ejirila ọnọdụ mbụ gboo n'ọtụtụ afọ.
Taa, ọ bụ ọrịa kachasị nkịtị na mba ndị mepere emepe, mmadụ 150 n'ime 100,000 mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa, ogo a na-etokwa. Atherosclerosis n'onwe ya adịghị njọ dị ka nsogbu ya na - enweghị atụ, nke bụ isi ihe na - akpata ọnwụ site na ọrịa obi.
A na-atụle pathogenesis nke atherosclerosis na vidiyo n'isiokwu a.
