Gịnị bụ atherosclerosis na gịnị kpatara ya?

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A na-ahụta Atherosclerosis dị ka otu n'ime ọrịa akwara na - agbakarị ọrịa. Naanị ị ga - eche maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a: nsonaazụ na - egbu egbu nke ọrịa na - esite na sistemụ ikesa ọbara na Russian Federation bụ 800.9 kwa otu puku mmadụ bi na narị ise, mgbe ọ nọ na Japan - 187.4, na France - 182.8.

Mmụba n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrịa nwere atherosclerosis bụ ihe metụtara ndụ na arụ ọrụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ. Nchoputa mbu banyere oria na - enyere aka igbochi oke ihe ojoo - mmepe nke odida obi, hypoxia, ischemia, wdg. Ọgwụ gụnyere ọtụtụ ihe: ị medicationụ ọgwụ, ọgwụgwọ nri, na n'ọnọdụ jọgburu onwe ya, ọbụlagodi ịwa ahụ.

Gịnị bụ atherosclerosis?

Ọtụtụ anụwo banyere ọrịa a, mana mgbe a jụrụ ya ihe atherosclerosis bụ, ọ bụghị mmadụ niile nwere ike inye azịza ziri ezi. Ọrịa a bụ ọnya nke arịa nke akwara olu na akwara na -akpọ ngwugwu atheromatous, nke bụ nchịkọta nke cholesterol na ụmụ irighiri mmiri nke protein pụrụ iche - lipoproteins. Ọrịa ụbụrụ na-etolite n'ihi nsị anụ ahụ na protein metabolism.

Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị lipoproteins na-ebu cholesterol site n'ọbara ọbara ma na-ebuga ya na usoro cellular: njupụta dị elu (HDL), njupụta dị ala (LDL) na njupụta dị oke ala (VLDL). Ọdịdị nke atherosclerotic plaques jikọtara ọnụ na nkenke nke LDL na VLDL n'ime ahụ, nke mere ka echiche "cholesterol" dị njọ. Akụrụngwa ndị a na-agbanye mmiri, yabụ, oke ego ha na ọbara na-eduga n'inweta sedimenti, buru ụzọ n'ụdị abụba, ma emesịa atheromatous.

HDL (cholesterol "dị mma") na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ dị iche: ha na-agbari nke ọma na ọbara mmadụ, yabụ ọkwa dị elu ha na-egosi ezi ahụ ike. Ọnụnọ nke ọnụnọ dị elu nke HDL na-egbochi mmepe nke paịlị atherosclerotic na uto, nke na-eduga na ọnwụ nke ịgbatị ahụ, nbibi ya na mgbochi ya.

Taa, enweghị nkwekọrịta gbasara mmalite ọrịa ahụ. Ogwu mara otutu echiche:

  1. itinye ego nke lipoproteins na mgbidi akwara;
  2. imebi ọrụ nchebe nke endothelium (akwa nke sel) na ndị ogbugbo ya;
  3. ọdịdị ahụ nke ọrịa pathologies nke akwara sel;
  4. usoro nke usoro antioxidant;
  5. dysfunction nke leukocytes na macrophages, ha infiltration nke vaskụla mgbidi;
  6. mmebi endothelial na cytomegalovirus, herpes, wdg;
  7. ọnụnọ nke ihe nketa nketa na mgbidi arịa;
  8. mmebi mgbidi nke akwara na chlamydia;
  9. mgbanwe homonụ metụtara afọ.

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, omume nke atherosclerosis karịrị ọnụọgụ nke mmerụ ahụ, ọrịa na-efe efe na neoplasms ọjọọ.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-achọpụta ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri anọ na ise ruo afọ iri ise na ise, ọnụọgụ ndị nwoke na-arịa ọrịa bụ okpukpu 3-4 karịa karịa ụmụ nwanyị.

Ihe ndị na-eso akpata mmepe nke ọrịa

Enwere ọtụtụ ihe na - eme ka o nwekwuo ohere ịmalite ọrịa atherosclerosis.

Ruo ugbu a, e mepụtala webụsaịtị nke European Cardiology Society, nke ị nwere ike gbakọọ ihe ọghọm nke ọrịa obi.

Ọnọdụ na ọrịa ndị na-esonụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ukwuu na nkwụnye nke mbadamba nkume atheromatous.

Okingụ sịga. Resins na nicotine, nke bụ akụkụ nke ihe mejupụtara ahụ, na-emetụta mgbidi vaskụla ahụ nke ukwuu. Smoking smokingụ sịga ga-anọ ogologo oge na-eme ka ohere ịrịa ọrịa obi, ọbara mgbali elu na hyperlipidemia.

Hyperlipoproteinemia. Mmụba na lipids ọbara na lipoproteins bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Ọ dị mkpa iji tụọ ụda mkpu mgbe mkpokọ cholesterol mụbara karịa 5 mmol / L na LDL karịrị 3 mmol / L.

Ọbara ọbara. Site n'ọbara mgbali elu na-abawanye (ihe karịrị 140/90 mm Hg), ịdị nkọ nke akwara ga-ebelata ma ohere nke ịnwe oghere nke atheromatous na-abawanye.

Ọrịa shuga mellitus. Ejiri mmụba nke glucose na-akpata ya n'ihi mmepụta ezughi oke ma ọ bụ ịkwụsị ọrụ insulin zuru ezu. Ogologo oge nke pathology na-emetụta ọnọdụ nke arịa ọbara na njedebe akwara, yabụ atherosclerosis na-egosikarị megide mmalite nke ọrịa shuga.

Enweghị mmega ahụ. Kwa ụbọchị, mmadụ kwesiri ịga ije na ikuku dị mma ma na-emega ahụ. Ọrụ dị ala na-eduga n'ọrịa metabolism, na-ebute oke ibu, ọrịa shuga na atherosclerosis.

Oké ibu na usoro iri nri dị mma. N'ibubiga ibu oke, enwere mgbasawanye nke akwara ọbara yana mmụba nke ọbara mgbali. Iri dị otú ahụ na sistem vaskụla gụnyere ọtụtụ ọrịa. Ọnụnọ na nri nke oke abụba anụmanụ na-eme ka ọdịda mmadụ ghara ịdị ike.

Afọ na okike. Ka mmadụ na-emewanye okenye, o nwere ike ịdị elu karịa ma ọ bụ atherosclerosis. Mmalite nke itinye oghere nke plasis atheromatous pụtara mgbe ọ dị afọ 45-50. Ọzọkwa, n’ime ụmụ nwoke, a na-eme nchọpụta ahụ ugboro 4 karịa mgbe ọ bụla, ọrịa ahụ na-etolitekwa afọ 10 tupu mgbe ọkara nke ziri ezi.

Ọkpụkpọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. A na-achọpụtakarị Atherosclerosis n'ihu ndị ikwu nwere otu ụdị ọrịa. Ekwadoro na sayensi na ndi mmadu nwere oke mmachi ime metabolism nwere atherosclerosis nke mbu (n’agbata afọ iri ise).

Ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpata ya bụ hypothyroidism, postmenopause, hyperfibrinogenemia (ọkwa fibrinogen dị n'ọbara), homocysteinemia (ọkwa dị elu nke homocysteine ​​n'ime ọbara) yana homocysteinuria (ọnụnọ nke homocysteine ​​na mmamịrị).

Usoro mmepe nke atherosclerosis

N'ime usoro ịmụ banyere ọrịa ahụ, e guzobere ya na enwere ọkwa nke mmepe nke ọrịa dị iche na njiri mara pathophysiological.

Ọrịa ahụ na - ewere ọnọdụ n'ụzọ atọ - mkpokọta ọgịrịga egbugbere ọnụ nke ara, na - eme ka nsogbu ahụ pụta.

Na mmebi nke metabolism lipid, enwere mgbanwe na oke cholesterol, phospholipids, protein na ịmụba oke nke beta-lipoproteins.

Odi nkpa ka ichoputa ihe banyere pathogenesis nke atherosclerosis:

  • Ntinye nke ogwugwu. N'oge a, onye ahụ ahụghị ihe mgbaàmà ọ bụla, amaghị maka ọrịa ahụ. Agbanyeghị, usoro usoro amalitela: enwere mgbanwe mgbanwe na mgbidi akwara, nke dị n'ọdịdị yiri nke na-acha odo odo n'akụkụ ogologo akwara niile. Ọzọkwa, a na-emetụta akụkụ ụfọdụ nke usoro ọbara. Ọrịa pathology na-eme ngwa ngwa.
  • Nnukwu Lipid. Ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ n’okpuru egbugbere ọnụ na-amalite ịcha ọkụ, nke bụ mmeghachi omume nke anụ ahụ n’ime onye na-eche ihe n’echiche. Ka oge na-aga, usoro nke iwe na-eduga na mbelata nke abụba na abụba nke anụ ahụ. Ya mere, oke abụba na-amalite ịkwalite ma bulie elu na mgbidi arịa.
  • Mmepe nke nsogbu. Nleba banyere oganihu oria nwere uzo abuo - mbibi nke cholesterol ma obu ntinye nke obara obara. Mgbe ihe ncheta nke atheromatous mepụtara, mwepu nke nkwụnye ego ọhụụ ma ọ bụ iwepụta ọbara buru ibu. Mgbe ọbara ọgbụgba na-etolite, nsogbu kachasị njọ bụ mgbochi nke akwara buru ibu, na - ebute ọnya afọ, necrosis nke usoro anụ ahụ na gangrene.

Ọ bụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịkọ etu ọrịa si amalite ngwa ngwa: ọ nwere ike ịga n'ihu na oke ma ọ bụ ngwa ngwa. Usoro mmepe nke ọrịa ahụ na - agafe site na ọtụtụ ọnwa ruo ọtụtụ afọ.

Nke a na-emetụta atụmatụ dị iche iche nke usoro metabolic, ọnụnọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Pesdị na akara nke atherosclerosis

Kachasị usoro nke ọrịa ahụ dabere na mpaghara mpaghara emetụtala akwara ndị nwere nkwụnye ọkụ atheromatous.

Ofdị pathology nwere ike igosipụta onwe ha, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụkarị mmebi nke usoro akwara.

Ọzọkwa, ihe mgbaàmà nke atherosclerosis dịgasị iche dabere n'ụdị ya.

A ga-amata ụdị ọrịa ndị a:

  1. Atherosclerosis nke akwara ọbara. Site na mmebi nke akwara ọbara nke obi, nsonaazụ nwere ike dị ka ọrịa obi obi, nkụchi obi na angina pectoris. Mkpesa nke onye ọrịa na-esonyere mgbu mgbu na-enwu n'ubu ubu ma ọ bụ n'ogologo ogwe aka ahụ, ịmịcha aka na azụ azụ, mmetụta na-egbu mgbu mgbe iku ume, ike ọgwụgwụ, mkpụmkpụ nke iku ume, ọgbụgbọ ma ọ bụ ọgbụgbọ, mgbu azụ, mmetụta oyi, ịsụsọ na ọgbụgbọ, adịghị ike n'ụkwụ.
  2. Atherosclerosis nke arịa brachiocentral (BCC). Ọ na-egosipụta onwe ya tumadi obi ilu mgbe ọ na-agbanwe ọnọdụ, migraine, ọnya ụkwụ na ogwe aka, nkụ, ọhụhụ, "ijiji ma ọ bụ ntụpọ" n'anya anya.
  3. Na-ehichapụ atherosclerosis nke ala na nke elu ahụ. Ihe ịrịba ama mbụ nke ọrịa bụ mmetụta dị jụụ na "ọgazị bumps" n'ụkwụ na ogwe aka. Otu ihe akọwapụtara bụkwa akpụkpọ anụ na-acha odo odo. N'oge ngwụsị, mgbu ụkwụ, ntutu isi na nsọtụ, ọnya azụ, ọria, na-acha ọbara ọbara mkpịsị aka, n'ọnọdụ kachasị njọ, a na-ahụ mmepe mmepe nke necrosis.
  4. Aortic ụdị. Ọrịa ọnya Atherosclerotic nke akwara kasịnụ na-emetụta arụ ọrụ nke sistem niile. N'ime ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa, sọlfọ a na-agbakọ agbasa megide mmalite nke aortic n'ụdị atherosclerosis. Ka oge na-aga, usoro ọgbụgba na-eduga na sclerosis nke valve cusps na warara nke mgbaaka fibrous valve. Ngosipụta kachasị dị ize ndụ nke ọrịa bụ stenosis nke aortic orifice.
  5. Atherosclerosis akụkụ nke akụkụ ụbụrụ. Site na mgbasa nke atherosclerosis, a na - enwe cephalgia, i.e. isi ọwụwa n’enweghi nkọwa ziri ezi banyere ọdịdị mgbawa, nsogbu ehighị ụra nke ọma, tinnitus, nsogbu gbasara ntụgharị uche, nhazi, ike mgbanwe, mgbanwe omume mmadụ, ikwu okwu iku ume, iku ume na nri. N'agba nke ikpeazụ, ịdị ọcha nke agịga, ụfụ, na mbelata nke ọgụgụ isi na-eme.

Na iche, ha na-ahuta ụdị ọrịa a dị ka atherosclerosis nke akwara gbasara akwara. Ọdịdị nke cholesterol paịlas na-egbu mgbu n'oge urin, a na-ahụ ọkwa ọbara n'ime mmamịrị. Onye ọrịa ahụ na-eme mkpesa nke ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgba ugboro ugboro, mgbu n'ime afọ na ala ala azụ.

N'ime nyocha ụlọ nyocha, a na-ahụta obere ntụpọ nke potassium na ọbara.

Mmekọrịta nke atherosclerosis na ọrịa shuga

Cholesterol na-ekere òkè na njikọ nke ihe ọesụ juụ ihe ọ andụ andụ na homonụ na-akpata ahụ. Ihe ogige a abụghị ihe kpatara ọrịa shuga, mana ọ na-emetụta ya.

N'itinye ọkwa ọkwa dị elu, ohere nke toberosclerosis na-abawanye nke ukwuu. Ọzọkwa, atherosclerosis na-abawanye ogo ọrịa shuga. Ndị ọrịa mamịrị, na agbanyeghị nwoke na nwoke na afọ ọria, na-arịa ọnya ụkwara atheromatous n ’ọha.

Atherosclerosis nwere ike ịpụta megide nzụlite ọrịa shuga na-enweghị insulin na-abụghị nke insulin. Site na ọdịnaya glucose dị elu mgbe niile, a na-agbagha metabolism, nke na-eduga n'ịbelata metabolism na nri nri. Mgbidi akwara na - emebi emebi ma nwee ike ịnweta cholesterol nke "jọrọ njọ" n'ime ọbara.

Ọ bụrụ na atherosclerosis na-arịa ọrịa shuga mellitus nke mbụ ma ọ bụ nke abụọ, mgbe ahụ onye ọrịa ahụ nwere ike inwe nsogbu ndị a:

  • ọrịa obi nwere ike itolite na nwata, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-ahụkarị ya mgbe ọ dị ihe karịrị afọ iri ise na ise.
  • ijigide akwara na-eme, ha na-emebi emebi ma nwekwaa nkpa, na nke a, ohere nke ogba oso na mmepe nke ibia ohuru na-abawanye.

Atherosclerosis, dịka iwu, na-etolite n'usoro, nke dị ize ndụ maka ụbụrụ, aka na ụkwụ, obi na nnukwu arịa.

Nsogbu nke Ọgwụ Ọrịa

Ndagaghị ọrịa ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ na-adịghị mma na-eduga n'ọrịa dị iche iche. Ebe ọ bụ na onyonyo a adabaghị ahụ na mmalite mmalite nke mmepe nke ọrịa, nchọpụta oge na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa.

Atherosclerosis nke vaskụla sistem na mgbanwe mgbasa na akwara akwara oge na-abaghị uru akwara. Usoro ọgbụgba na - ebute ihe ndabere site na ntopute stenosis nke obere oghere nke arịa.

Ọrịa na - adịghị ala ala nke na - ebute akwara ọbara na - esochi akpata hypoxia, ischemia, atrophy na dystrophy, ihe na - eme obere sclerosis, yana mgbasa nke akwara.

N'ihi ogologo oge nke ụkọ akwara afọ, ị na - eji arịa ma ọ bụ embolus emechi akwara dị iche iche - akụkụ nke ihe ọgbụgba. E gosipụtara ọnọdụ a site na mgbaàmà nke nkụchi obi na ọrịa ischemia.

Ihe kasị dị ize ndụ na-akpata atherosclerosis bụ mgbaze nke arịa ahụ ọzọ. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, nke a na-eduga n'ọnwụ.

Iji gbochie nsonaazụ dị njọ, ọ dị mkpa ịgbaso nri, medicationsụọ ọgwụ ndị edenye ma gbasoo ntuziaka dọkịta.

Principleskpụrụ nke ịchọpụta ọrịa ahụ

Nchoputa nke oria a n’aru otutu ulo oru ihe eji eme ya.

Nke mbu, onye ọrịa na-abiakwute dọkịta maka ilele, nke na-anakọta data anamnesis.

Ọkachamara ọkachamara na-adọrọ uche gaa na enweghị ntutu dị na nsọtụ, akwa ntu nwere adịghị mma, ọnwụnwa onye ọrịa, ịba ụba ọbara, ọnụnọ nke obi sebaceous na ọsụsọ na-egbu, na-eto ọria na enweghị ọrịa gbasara akụrụ.

Ọ bụrụ na dọkịta ahụ na-enyo enherosclerosis na onye ọrịa ahụ, ọ na-eduzi ya ka ọ gaa nyocha na ọmụmụ ndị a:

  1. Nnyocha ọbara sitere na akwara iji chọpụta kọlestrọl na atherogenicity zuru ezu.
  2. Ihe omumu ihe omuma banyere ihe ngosi di elu nke atherosclerosis. A na-egosipụta ọrịa a site na akwara dị iche iche, ọnụnọ nke ọrịa ahụ, akara akwara, ogologo oge na ndọtị nke akwara na sternum ma ọ bụ peritoneum.
  3. Coronography, nke na-enyere aka ikpebi ọnọdụ akwara ozi obi na ọnụnọ cholesterol na ha.
  4. Angiography - nyocha banyere ọbara ọbara nke akwara ndị ọzọ site na iji iwebata ihe dị iche na usoro ihe nkiri.
  5. UZDG nke akwara akwara na-enyere aka ikpebi mmebi akwara ọrụ na mmepe nke atherosclerosis na ya.
  6. Ihe ngosi nka nke ala ala ikpebi ihe mebiri obara nke obara n’ikpere ya, ya na odiri onodu cholesterol.

A na-ejikwa Ultrasound nke akụkụ ahụ ọ bụla, ọ na-enyere aka ịtụle ọsọ nke mgbasa ọbara na akwara. Zọ a ga-ekpebi ụzọ ntakịrị ọghọm na ogo erughi oke obara.

Ọgwụ na ịwa ahụ

Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ na nyocha, na 80% nke ikpe, ị medicationụ ọgwụ zuru ezu iji kpochapụ ihe mgbaàmà nke atherosclerosis ma chịkwaa mmepe ya.

Na-emegide usoro ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, ihe mbido bụ idebe ihe oriri pụrụ iche yana ọrụ ahụike nke onye ọrịa.

Mgbe ị na-eme ọgwụgwọ, ekwesịrị ịgbaso ụzọ agbakwunye na mmejuputa ọgwụgwọ.

Ọgwụ ndị dị irè maka ọgwụgwọ nke atherosclerosis bụ:

  • Statins (Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin) - ọgwụ ndị na-ebelata oke imeju na mmepụta cholesterol. A na-enye ndị otu ọgwụ ọgwụ a ọtụtụ oge.
  • Fibrates (Atromide, Tricor) bụ ọgwụ ọgwụ nke ebumnuche ya bụ mbibi nke triglycerides.
  • Ndị na - eso LCD (Colestyramine, Kolesevelam) - ọgwụ na - egbochi imeju nke bile acids site na imeju. N'ihi ya, imeju na-etinyekwu cholesterol iji kwado usoro nri.
  • Nicotinic acid na ihe ndị dị na ya bụ ọgwụ na-ebelata cholesterol, yana mmetụta antispasmodic na vasodilating.

Megide ndabere nke usoro ọgwụgwọ bụ isi, a na-enyekwa ọgwụ ndị ọzọ - ọgwụ mgbochi antiplatelet, vitamin, angioprotector, ọgwụ ọgbụgba, ọgwụ iji meziwanye ihe oriri na-ekesa na mgbasa, ọgwụ antispasmodics na ọgwụ vasodilator. Tupu ị medicinesụ ọgwụ, ịkwesịrị ịgakwuru dọkịta ma gụọ nkọwa ya.

N’ọnọdụ ndị dị elu, ị andụ ọgwụ na usoro nri anaghị adị irè. Iji gbochie nsogbu siri ike, a na-arụ ịwa ahụ:

  1. surgerywa ahụ ga - eme ka ọ bụrụ “arịa” nke arịa arịa atherosclerosis na - arịa ụkwara ume ọkụ yana otu ahịrị ọbara ọhụrụ.
  2. akụkụ ahụike nke anụ ahụ na - emechi arịa na mweghachi nke inye ọbara.

Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, a na-eji angioplasty - nhicha ma na-agbasawanye arịa ahụ site na iwebata katuet site na akwara akwara.

Nri maka ọgwụgwọ nke atherosclerosis

Na mgbakwunye na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, nri maka atherosclerosis na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa.

N’agbanyeghi eziokwu na akwara dị n’ime na-emepụta 80% cholesterol, ihe fọrọnụ 20% na-abanye nri n’arụ.

Basickpụrụ bụ isi nke usoro ọgwụgwọ nri na ọgwụgwọ nke atherosclerosis bụ belata ego cholesterol na-esite na mpụga.

Maka ebumnuche a, ọ dị mkpa ịhapụ ngwaahịa ndị dị otú a:

  • anụ mara abụba na abụba anụmanụ - anụ ezi, ọbọgwụ, ọgazị, mmanu abuba, wdg;
  • offal - imeju, ụbụrụ;
  • ụdị azụ dị nfuli - mackerel, carp silver, azụ azụ, halibut, wdg;
  • achịcha, pịkị, esi ihe oriri na nke e ghere eghe;
  • ngwaahịa mmanụ ara ehi;
  • sausages na sausages;
  • akwa yolks;
  • ihe ọ sweetụ carbonụ karama, kọfị siri ike na tii;
  • ihe eji eme achịcha nke ntụ ọka dị mma;
  • sweets - chọkọleti, swiiti, kuki, wdg.

Enweghị mkpa iwe iwe na ị kwesịrị ịhapụ ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ị maara. Ọbụna na ọgwụgwọ nke atherosclerosis, ị nwere ike iri nri dị ụtọ na ahụike. Ha na-asacha, sie ma ọ bụ ziga ha n’ọkụ. Nweghị ike itinye nnu dị ukwuu (ọnụego kwa ụbọchị - 5 gram), enwere ike dochie ya na uhie ma ọ bụ ose ojii na ngwa nri ndị ọzọ. Nri na-enye ohere iri nri ndi a:

  1. anụ ezi siri ike - anụ oke bekee, ọkụkọ, wdg;
  2. ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi nwere obere abụba;
  3. fishdị azụ dị obere obere - hake, pike perch, bream, azu kaapu, wdg;
  4. achicha achicha eji eme achịcha;
  5. nkpuru osisi, nkpuru osisi, nkpuru osisi;
  6. tii na-adịghị ike, ihe ọ naturalụ naturalụ sitere n'okike.

Nnabata nri na mmega ahụ bụ ezigbo mgbochi nke atherosclerosis na ọrịa obi ndị ọzọ, nke kwesịrị ịgbado ma ndị ọrịa ma ahụ ike.

Kedu ihe bụ atherosclerosis ga-agwa ọkachamara na vidiyo ahụ n'isiokwu a.

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