A na - enweta pancreas bụ gland kachasị na ahụ mmadụ yana otu n'ime akụkụ kachasị mkpa nke eriri afọ. Ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka njikwa nzuzo na nke dị n'ime, na-emepụta ọ bụghị naanị enzyme ihe ndị na-enyere aka inweta nri kwesịrị ekwesị, kamakwa homonụ. Ọ bụ pancreas na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na metabolism.
Ọdịdị anetom
Aria di iche iche di n’ime mmadu di n’azu n’azu ma dabakwa duodenum. O nwere isi, olu, ahu ya na odu ya. Isi na akuku nke aru ya kpuchigoro site na duodenum, ọdụ ahụ na-agbadata ma na-ebili elu na aka ekpe, na splin.
Olu nke gland di n’agbata isi na aru bu akpukpo ahu. N'ebe a, ductant sindorinia sitere, nke na-agbakarịkarị na otu duct, ma ọ na-esikarị ike ịbanye na duodenum site na papilla santorinia.
Ogologo akụkụ ahụ dum dị nkezi 20 cm, ọkpụrụkpụ ya dị iche site na 2 ruo 3 cm, na mkpokọta ibu anaghị abụkarị 80 g. Ya mere, a na-echebe pancreas n'ime ahụ mmadụ n'akụkụ niile: spain dị n'azụ, afọ dị n'ihu. n'aka ekpe bụ oghere ọbara, na n'aka nri ka duodenum.
N'ime anụ ahụ, a na-ahụ ihe ihu, azụ na ala ala. Ihu ahụ na-esochi afọ ma nwee nkwanye ugwu. Mpaghara mpaghara ahụ dị nso na spain, peritoneal aorta, celiac plexus, inferior vena cava and the renal vein vein. N'ebe a, na etinyerịrị ebumnuche ndị a chọrọ maka nke a, arịa ndị nwere oghere dị. Akụkụ nke gland na-agbadata, na-akpata mgbọrọgwụ nke mesentery. Ihe dị mkpa na akụkụ a na-amị amị bụ wirsung duct, nke na-agabiga ogologo ya niile wee banye n'ime duodenum.
Mmepụta nke ihe ọ pancụ pancụ pancreatic pụtara tumadi n'ahụ ahụ gland, agwaetiti nke Langerans, na-akpụkọta homonụ, nọ na ọdụ
Ọrụ nke pancreas nwere njikọ chiri anya na ihe owuwu ahụ ma kewara ya na endocrine na exocrine. A na-anọchite anya mpaghara endocrine n'agwaetiti Langerans - mkpokọta mkpụrụ ndụ na - agwakọta homonụ:
- insulin;
- glucagon;
- somatostatin;
- polypeptides;
- eriri afọ nke vasoactive.
Na obere, mkpụrụ ndụ nke agwaetiti nke Langerans na-amịpụtakwa gastrin, thyroliberin, somatoliberin.
N'ime akụkụ exocrine, enwere sistemụ akwara dị iche iche na acini, nke bụ ngalaba aha nke akụkụ ahụ. Ọ bụ na acini ka ebe niile amalitere.
A na - ahụta ọrụ endocrine nke pancreas site na insulocytes - mkpụrụ ndụ nke agwaetiti nke Langerans, na - ahụ maka njikọ nke homons na usoro humoral.
Ọrụ Exocrine
Kwa ụbọchị, pancreas na-amịpụta ihe dị ka otu lita ihe ọ pancụ pancụ pancreatic, nke ihe mejupụtara enzyme, nnu na mmiri. A na - akpọ enzymes "proenzymes" ma bụrụkwa ndị na - enweghị ọrụ. Ntinye mmiri nri n'ime duodenum yana ịhapụ homonụ nke, n'aka nke ya, na-akpalite usoro mgbanwe nke mmiri. N'ihi ya, a na-eme ka proenzymes rụọ ọrụ.
Ihe kachasị ike maka ịmị mkpụrụ nke pancreatic bụ hydrochloric acid na afọ. Mgbe ọ batara na obere eriri afọ, ọ na-ebute ịba ụba nke nzuzo na pancreosimine, nke mucosa eriri afọ na-egbochi ma na-akpali mmepụta nke enzymes:
- amylases;
- lipas;
- trypsin (trypsinogen);
- chymotrypsin;
- ihe nchịkwa;
- prophospholipase.
Ọ bụ na nke a ka arụ ọrụ exocrine dị na ya.
A na-emepụta trypsin (trypsinogen) naanị na pancreas ma ọ dị mkpa maka nbibi nke peptides na protein. Na mbu adịghị arụ ọrụ, enteropeptidase, ma ọ bụ enterokinase na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ bụ site na ntinye akwụkwọ nke trypsin n'ụdị arụ ọrụ ya ka a na-ekpebi pancreatitis.
Amylase bụ enzyme nke na - enyere aka ịhazi carbohydrates ma na - arụ ọrụ ọ bụghị naanị na pancreas, kamakwa na gland salvary. Site na mwepu amylase buru oke ma ọ bụ ezughi oke n'ime ọbara ahụ, enwere ike iche nzụlite usoro pathologies na pancreas. Ọkwa amylase dị n'ọbara na mmamịrị bụ ihe ama ama dị mkpa nchọpụta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mbelata nke ọma na ọdịnaya ampilase na nyocha ahụ nwere ike igosipụta ọrịa ọrịa imeju na akwara cystic, yana pancreatectomy rụrụ.
Ọrụ nke lipase bụ iwepụ triglycerides nke ekpughere na bile na gallbladder. Enzyme a na - enyere aka ịkụda abụba n'ime glycerol na acid ndị dị elu, ma na - ekerekwa òkè na ume ike. Lipase na - ebubata protein nke polyunsaturated abụba n’akpụ akwara ma na-akwalite nnabata nke ọtụtụ vitamin na-amịkọrọ mmiri.
Nri, imeju, ngụgụ na eriri afọ bụ maka nrụpụta lipase. N'ihi hypofunction nke gland, ọrụ lipase na-ebelata, nke a na-esonyere na mgbanwe nke agba na agba na agba ntụ-odo.
Enzyme nuclease ahụ na - ekere òkè na ịme ụdị DNA na nri nri anabatara n'ime ahụ. Site n’enyemaka ya, a na-atọpụ ụmụ irighiri ihe na-eme ka ihe pụta ìhè maka imebi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke mmadụ.
Profospholipase na-arụ ọrụ dị ka trypsin ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na abụba dị mgbagwoju anya a na-akpọ phospholipids.
Ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na a na-ezo proenzymes pancreatic naanị n'oge nri, na-amalite site na minit 2-3 mgbe mmalite nri. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ha ga-anọpụ iche ma ọ dịkarịa ala awa 12 ọzọ.
Enrụ ọrụ enzyme zuru ezu agaghị ekwe omume ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị mmiri ọgwụ zuru ezu, nke imeju na-emepụta. Ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka enzymes rụọ ọrụ ma na-agbaji egbugbere ọnụ n'ime obere iberibe, si otú a na-akwadebe ha maka ihapu. Ihe ọ juiceụụ Pancreatic nwere ọ bụghị naanị enzymes, kamakwa salts acid iji nye mmeghachi nke alkaline. N'ihi nke a, acidic nke afọ dị na-adọpụ onwe ya mma ma bụrụkwa ọnọdụ dị mma maka ịnwe ike nke carbohydrates.
Ọrụ endocrine
Kedu ọrụ ọrụ pancreas na sistemụ endocrine? Mkpụrụ ndụ a na-eme ka homonụ na-abanye n'ime ọbara, na-emetụta usoro metabolic niile n'ime ahụ, na-enweghị ụsọ. N'agbanyeghị obere mpaghara nke mpaghara endocrine, nke bụ ihe dị ka 2% nke ngụkọta nke gland, ọ ga-esiri ike ịtụle ịdị mkpa nke ọrụ ya.
A na-ahụ ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus nke 1 na - enweghị ụkọ homonụ insulin, nke a na - akpata mbibi nke mkpụrụ ndụ beta
Ọrụ intracretory nke gland bụ nzuzo nke insulin na glucagon. Mkpụrụ ndụ Alfa nke agwaetiti Langerans na-emepụta glucagon, nke bụ ọgwụ mgbochi insulin na-eme mmadụ. Na mgbakwunye, ha na-etinye aka na njikọ nke lipocaine, na-egbochi mmepe nke imeju na-egbu egbu. Mkpụrụ ndụ Beta na - emepụta insulin na - ebunye glucose na anụ ahụ site na ndị na - anabata protein.
Ọrụ nzuzo nke pancreas na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè site na imepụta hormone ghrelin, nke na-ahụ maka agụụ nkịtị, yana polypeptide nke puru na-egbochi ihe nzuzo nke gland ma na-akpali imepụta ihe ọ juiceụricụ afọ.
Site na ụkọ na mbibi mkpụrụ ndụ beta, a na-ebelata insulin njikọ, nke nwere ike iduga mmepe nke ọrịa shuga. Adị ọcha nke homonụ a na-egosipụta n’ihu ọrụ urinary, itching nke anụ ahụ yana mmetụta akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ mgbe niile.
Somatostatin bụ homonụ nke emepụtara ọ bụghị naanị na pancreas, kamakwa na hypothalamus. Ọ dị mkpa ịkwụsịlata serotonin, homonụ nke uto, homonụ na-akpali akpali, insulin na glucagon.
VIP - peptide eriri afọ nke vasoactive na-akpali motility eriri afọ, na-eme ka ọbara na-emetụta akụkụ ahụ nri, na-egbochi njikọ nke hydrochloric acid ma na-abawanye mmepụta nke pepsinogen na afọ.
Pancreatic polypeptide na-etinye aka na nhazi nke ọrụ nzuzo nke mpụga nke pancreas ma na-akpali afọ.
Ọkpụkpụ arụ ọrụ
Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-emebi ọrụ mmadụ na ahụ mmadụ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ - ọrịa na - adịghị ala ala ma ọ bụ ọrịa akwara nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-agbanwe, na arụpụtaghị ọrụ. Ndị ọrịa Pancreatitis na-abụkarị ndị na-eme ihe ọjọọ, ihe ọ alcoholụ alcoholụ na-egbu egbu, na ndị agụụ na-agụ.
Ihe ndị a na - esote ya nwere ike ibute ọrụ na pancreas:
Gịnị bụ insulin maka?- ọrịa nke ọnya biliary na imeju;
- mmerụ ahụ na mmebi akwara nke mebiri emebi;
- ogologo oge eji ọgwụ nje, diuretics, homonụ;
- ị withụ mmanya na-egbu egbu n’ime ụlọ ma ọ bụ n’ebe ọrụ;
- ọrụ ịwa ahụ;
- nje na nje na - efe efe - mumps, mycoplasmosis, ịba ọcha n'anya;
- ibu ibu;
- ụdị ọrịa a na - amụkarị nwa (imechi obere akwara) na mmepe nke neoplasms;
- endocrine (hyperparathyroidism) na ọrịa obi;
- ihe helminthic infestations;
- mkpaghasị hormonal;
- ketara eketa.
N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ígwè anaghị arụ ọrụ ya maka ebumnuche enweghị ike.
Enzyme Enzyme na-emetụta ọdịmma onye ọrịa ma ọ bụ gosipụtara ihe mgbaàmà ndị a:
- mgbu dị na elu aka ekpe nke afo nke na-aputa ihe ozugbo eri nri ma ọ bụ n’onweghị;
- belatara agụụ ruo mgbe ọnụnọ ya zuru oke;
- mmetụta nke ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ;
- na-eme mkpọtụ n’afọ;
- ịmụpụta na nguzozi nke feces.
A na - esonye imegharị ahụ n'etiti oghere dị na etiti ahụ ma nwee atụmanya kachasị amara; nnukwu ọnya na-efe efe bụ ụdị ọrịa ahụ, nke na 50% nke ikpe gwụsịrị na ọnwụ nke onye ọrịa
Dabere na ọrụ pancreas na-anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, enwere mgbanwe na nhazi nke anụ ahụ. Ebe enweghi lipase, stool na-enweta odo odo ma obu oroma na mmanu mmanu.
Amylase na-esite na ntachi obi na-adịghị ala ala na ihe ndị na-apụta na mmiri dị n'ọbara n'ihi oke stachi ọdịnaya. N'ihi mbelata nke nnabata nri n’ime obere eriri afọ, afọ ọsịsa, ụkọ vitamin na-aputa n’arụ na-ebelata.
Enweghị propszyme proenzyme ka a na-egosipụta na ọrụ oke nke pancreas, a na-egosipụta ya site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya nitrogen na protein na-enweghị atụ (eriri akwara) na feces. Na stool ghọrọ porridge ma nweta nkọ, isi na-adịghị mma.
N'ihi nri zuru ezu na mgbaze nri n'ime obere eriri afọ, mmepụta gas na-abawanye ma na-agba ume imebi.
Pancreatin bụ ọgwụ bụ isi maka dysfunction pancreatic.
Na mmebi nke mpụta nke nzuzo, ịgbalite enzymes ndị ọzọ "na-arụ ọrụ" na-arụ ọrụ na-ezighi ezi. Kama ịgbari nri, ha na-amalite igbari akpụkpọ anụ mucous nke pancreas, nke na-eduga na mbufụt ya - pancreatitis.
Maka mbibi nke ndị dị n’agwaetiti Langerans, a na-ebelata insulin njikọ, ụdị shuga 1 na-amalite. Betanwekwu mkpụrụ ndụ beta nọ na mpaghara emetụtara, ka ọ ga-esi ike nfe.
Ọgwụ dysfunction
Nwere ike iweghachi ọgwụ na-eri ahụ na nri kwesịrị ekwesị. Iji tọọ traktọ ahụ, a na-enye usoro enzyme - Creon, Pancreatin, Festal.
Ọ bụrụ na ọria na –ekwu kwa ure kwa oge, mgbe ahụ ọ pụtara na a ga-ejigharị nguzozi mmiri, dịka ọmụmaatụ, osisa nke Sodium Chloride. Akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọgwụgwọ bụ ọgwụ vitamin. N'ime nsogbu nri nri siri ike, a na-enye usoro nri nri nri afọ.
A na-eme ọgwụgwọ nke nnukwu pancreatitis naanị na ọnọdụ ụlọ ọgwụ, yabụ, n'ụdị njirimara e ji mara ya, ọ dị mkpa ịkpọ ndị otu ụgbọ ihe mberede. Tupu ọbịbịa nke ndị dọkịta, ị gaghị eri nri, a na-atụ aro ị toụ mmiri kwa nkeji 30-60 na iko 1/4. Nwere ike belata ọnọdụ ahụ mgbe ị na-anọdụ ala na ikpere gị wee tinye afọ gị. Mpempe akwụkwọ oyi, nke a na-etinye n'azụ na amụma nke pancreas, ga - enyere aka belata ihe mgbu.
