Chekwa usoro ọbara shuga dị (glycemia) bụ otu ihe dị ezigbo mkpa maka ahụ mmadụ, ebe ọ bụ na inye ike maka ndụ na-adabere na nke a.
Ihe ngosipụta nke usoro metabolic nkịtị bụ ọdịnaya glucose si na 3.3 ruo 5.5 mmol / l. Ọbara glycemia na-adabere na afọ, n'ihi na ụmụ a n'ọbara n'ọbara ọkwa glucose dị ala, ndị okenye na-anabatakwa ụkpụrụ dị elu.
Y’oburu na acho uzo ndi ozo, emezie usoro omumu ozo ichoputa ma ghazie ọgwụgwọ.
Olee otu esi edozi shuga?
Iri nri bu isi ihe di n’ime glucose n’ime ọbara. Ọtụtụ n'ime ike na-abịa site na nhazi carbohydrates. N'okwu a, carbohydrates dị mfe na-abanye n'ọbara ozugbo ma na-eme ka carbohydrates dị mgbagwoju anya na-aga mgbaze n'ime eriri afọ site na enyemaka nke enzyme pancreatic a na-akpọ amylase.
Enwere ike ịchọta glucose dị ọcha na nri, a na-etinye ya ugbu a na onu. Fructose na galactose, nke a na-achọta na mkpụrụ osisi na ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi, n'otu aka ahụ, a na-agbanyekwa ụmụ irighiri glucose, na-abanye na mgbidi eriri afọ n'ime ọbara, na-abawanye ọkwa shuga.
Ọ bụghị glucose niile na-abanye n'ọbara dị mkpa maka ike, ọkachasị nwee mmega ahụ dị ala. Ya mere, n’ime imeju, akwara na abụba na -ebu abụba, edobere ya na ndobere. Thedị nchekwa bụ carbohydrate dị mgbagwoju anya - glycogen. Nmepụta ya dị n'okpuru nchịkwa nke insulin, ma iweghachi glucose na-edozi glucagon.
N'etiti nri, isi iyi glucose nwere ike ịbụ:
- Nkwụsị nke glycogen na imeju (ụzọ kachasị ọsọ), anụ ahụ.
- Themepụta glucose site na imeju site na amino acids na glycerol, lactate.
- Iji ihe nchekwa abụba na mkpokọta nke glycogen Reserve.
Iri nri n’enweta usoro iji belata insulin. Mgbe homonụ a na-abanye n’ọbara, ọ na-eme ka mmadụ nwee ike ịmịkọta glucose n’arụ mkpụrụ ndụ na ịgbanwegharị ya ka ọ bụrụ glycogen ma ọ bụ ume ka ọrụ ya rụọ ọrụ. N'ihi ya, mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, glycemia n'ime ọbara na-alaghachi na nkịtị.
Ọ bụrụ na insulin arụpụtaghị nke ọma n'ime ahụ (ụdị shuga 1), ma ọ bụ sel anụ ahụ insulin na-eme ya nke ọma (ụdị shuga 2), mgbe ahụ ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ shuga dị n'ọbara rịa elu, anụ ahụ na-enwekwa agụụ. Isi ihe na-egosi na ọrịa shuga metụtara ya: mmụba mmamịrị na-abawanye, mkpa siri ike maka mmiri mmiri na nri.
Kedu otu esi ekpebi glucose ọbara?
Enwere ike ịchọta ọgwụ shuga dị n'ọbara mmadụ na tebụl nke glycemia n'afọ ndụ n'ụlọ nyocha ọ bụla na-eduzi ọmụmụ banyere metabolism. Mana iji nyochaa nsonaazụ nke ọma, ịkwesịrị ị hụ dọkịta, ebe ọ bụ na ịkwesịrị iburu n'uche onyonyo nke ọrịa ahụ maka nchọpụta.
Iji nyocha ahụ bụrụ ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, ekwesịrị tụọ shuga ọbara mgbe emesịrị 8 awa. A na-achọpụta ọnọdụ a mgbe ị na-ekpebi ibu ọnụ glycemia. Ọ nwekwara ike ịdị mkpa iji chọpụta ogo nke mmụba glucose mgbe ị risịrị nri ma ọ bụ tinye ya na glucose (ule nnabata glucose).
Ihe dị iche na shuga ọbara na tebụl ụkpụrụ nwere ike ịbụ maka plasma na ọbara dum. Maka okpu ọbara na ọbara venous, ụkpụrụ dị iche site na 12%: maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke nọ n'afọ 14 ruo 59, glucose dị n'ọbara site na mkpịsị aka ekwesịghị gafere 5.5 mmol / l, na site na akwara - 6.1 mmol / l.
A nwalere ọbara shuga maka ụdị ndị ọrịa a:
- Ọrịa shuga mellitus ma ọ bụ enyo ya enyo.
- Afọ iri afọ anọ na ise.
- Ibu ibu
- Mmebi nke adrenal gland, thyroid ma ọ bụ pancreas, pituitary gland.
- Ime
- Ibu eketa maka ọrịa shuga.
- Ọrịa imeju na-adịghị ala ala.
- Na-ewere homonụ steroid.
Dabere na tebụl nke ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara, enwere ike ịtụle nsonaazụ ndị enwetara (na mmol / l) dị ka nke nkịtị (3.3-5.5), shuga dị ala - hypoglycemia (n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ ruo 2.8, na ndị okenye ruo 3.3), hyperglycemia na-ebu ọnụ - karịa 5.5 na ndị okenye, 4.4 n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ, 6.4 mgbe afọ 60 gasịrị.
A na-etinye ọrịa shuga mellitus n'ọnọdụ opekata mpe ya okpukpu abụọ nke hyperglycemia karịa 7 mmol / l, ọnọdụ niile nke amara site na mmụba shuga dị elu karịa, ma n'okpuru ala a kwesịrị iwere dị ka ókèala. Iji kọwaa nchoputa nke ụdị ahụ, a na-edenye nnwale nnabata glucose.
Ihe na - akpata ya na ihe ịrịba ama nke hyperglycemia
Ọrịa na-akacha, bụ nke mmụba na glycemia na-arịwanye elu, bụ ọrịa shuga. Ọ na - apụta mgbe enweghi insulin ma ọ bụ mebie mmekọrịta ya na ndị na - anabata ya na anụ ahụ. N'oge afọ ime, enwere ike ịba ụba nwa oge shuga nke na - apụta mgbe amuchara nwa - ọrịa shuga.
Ọrịa shuga nke abụọ nwere ike ịmalite nke mebiri homonụ nke ihe metụtara mmebi nke gland thyroid, hypothalamus ma ọ bụ adrenal gland, pituitary gland. Perdị hyperglycemia dị otú ahụ mgbe mweghachi nke ọrụ nkịtị nke akụkụ endocrine na-apụ n'anya. Usoro mmekpa ahụ na imeju na akwara na-eduga na mmụba nwa oge.
Homonụ ndị na-akpata nchekasị, nke a na-ewepụta karịa oke oke mmerụ ahụ, ọkụ, ọnọdụ ujo, oke mmetụta uche, ụjọ, nwere ike ibute hyperglycemia. Ọ na - esota ị ofụ ọgwụ ụfọdụ, ọgwụ mgbochi ọnụ, corticosteroids na antidepressants, nnukwu ị largeụ kọlọ.
Ihe ịrịba ama nke shuga dị elu na-esonyere na akụrụngwa osmotic nke ụmụ irighiri glucose, nke na-adọta mmiri anụ ahụ n’elu onwe ha, na-ebute akpịrị:
- Obi mgbawa.
- Uresba ụba diuresis, gụnyere abalị.
- Akpịrị kpọrọ nkụ, akpụkpọ anụ mucous.
- Ibu ibu.
Hyperglycemia na-adịgide adịgide na-akpaghasị mgbasa ọbara na ọrụ nke sistemụ mgbochi, na-ebugharị akwara akwara, na-emebi akụrụ, akwara nke anya, ma na-emekwa ka mmebi nke metabolism abụba yana ọganiru nke atherosclerosis.
Iji chọpụta mgbanwe shuga n'ime ogologo oge, a na-amata ihe dị n'ime haemoglobin nke glycily. Tebụl hemoglobin nkịtị glycated nke ihe ngosi a na-enye nsonaazụ 3: ruo 6% nke ngụkọta hemoglobin bụ ezigbo nsonaazụ, ihe akaebe nke normoglycemia, site na 6 ruo 6.5% bụ ọrịa shuga, karịa 6.5% bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa shuga.
You nwere ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'ọrịa shuga na nnabata glucose na-akpata site na iji nyocha nnwale. A na-eme ya na mmụba na-aga n'ihu na ọbara ọgbụgba, oke ibu, ịkọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, polycystic ovary syndrome, gout, isi mmalite nke polyneuropathy, furunlera na ọrịa na-efe efe ugboro ugboro.
E gosiputara ya maka ndi nwanyi nwere ime na -akpata, ọrịa shuga, ma ọ bụrụ na amụrụ n’afọ nke nwa nwụrụ anwụ, nwa ahụ nwere nnukwu ọnụọgụ mgbe a mụrụ ya. Ọ na-atụ aro ịmụ nzere nke carbohydrates site na iji ọgwụ homonụ ogologo oge, gụnyere ọgwụ mgbochi, diuretics.
Tebụl shuga ọbara mgbe ịbubachara, nke na-etinye 75 g nke glucose, nwere ike igosi nhọrọ ndị a (na mmol / l):
- Nkịtị na afọ efu na mgbe awa abụọ gasịrị: erughị 5.6, erughị 7.8.
- Glycemia na-egbu mmụọ: tupu ule 5.6-6.1, mgbe erughị 7.8.
- Nnukwu ikike nnabata nke carbohydrate: 5.6-6.1 tupu nnwale ahụ, 7.8-11.1 mgbe emesịa.
- Ọrịa shuga: n’elu 6.1 n’elu afọ efu, karịa 11.1 mgbe ị nwesịrị glucose.
Ọbara shuga dị ala
Hypoglycemia bụ ihe dị ize ndụ karịa shuga dị elu, ahụ na-ahụ ya dị ka ọnọdụ na-akpata nchekasị, nke na-eduga n'ịbawanye adrenaline na cortisol n'ọbara. Homonụ ndị a na-enye aka na mmepe nke mgbaàmà ndị a na-ahụkarị, nke gụnyere palpitations, aka na-ama jijiji, ọsụsọ, agụụ.
Agụụ nke akwara ụbụrụ na - akpata ọgbụgbọ, isi ọwụwa, mgbakasị ahụ na nchekasị, na - eme ka ịda mba na - ebelata mmebi, mmeghari nke mmegharị na nghazi.
Na nnukwu hypoglycemia, akara nke mmerụ ahụ nke ọnya ụbụrụ na-ebilite: omume na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, nkwarụ. Onye ọrịa ahụ nwere ike ịmara ma daba na glycemic coma, nke, ọ bụrụ na elebara ya anya, nwere ike igbu ya.
Ihe na - akpata shuga dị ala:
- Drugsụ ọgwụ shuga ókè, ịgwọ ọrịa insulin na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ ị alcoholụbiga mmanya ókè.
- Hyperplasia ma ọ bụ akpụ nke pancreas.
- Hypothyroidism, pituitary dị ala ma ọ bụ ọrụ nwere adrenal gland.
- Mmebi imeju: cirrhosis, ịba ọcha n'anya, kansa.
- Egwu ọjọọ.
- Ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mmepụta nke enzymes.
- Pathologies intestinal nke na-emebi nnabata nke carbohydrates.
Hypoglycemia nwere ike ime na ụmụ ndị nne mụrụ nwere ọrịa shuga. Ọ na - ebute chloroform, arsenic, mmanya, amphetamine. Nnukwu mmega ahụ na steeti anabolic na-eduga mwakpo hypoglycemic n'ime ndị ahụ gbasiri ike na egwuregwu egwuregwu.
A na-ahụkarị hypoglycemia na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus. N'otu oge, ihe kpatara ya nwere ike ịbụ nchịkọta insulin ma ọ bụ mbadamba ọgwụ ụkwara, ezighi ezi maka mmega ahụ, ma ọ bụ iri nri. Hypoglycemia nwere ike ibute site na ịgbanye ụdị insulin ọzọ.
Ọrịa shuga 2dị nke Abụọ na-ebute ọkwa dị na insulin insulin n'oge mmalite ọrịa ahụ. Ihe oriri ndị na-eme ka ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ shuga dị n’ọbara ma ọ bụ wepụta insulin gabigara ókè nwere ike iduga n’obe shuga dị n’ọbara.
Ihe ndị mejupụtara carbohydrates, ihe oriri dị ụtọ, achịcha ọka na-acha ọcha, obere ụlọ chiiz desserts na yogọt na-atọ ụtọ. Oge nsọ nwanyị nwere ike ibute mgbanwe dị ukwuu na glycemia, nke metụtara mgbanwe na ọkwa homonụ.
Iji gwọọ hypoglycemia dị nwayọọ, ịkwesịrị ị foodụ nri ma ọ bụ ihe ọ drinksụ containingụ nwere shuga: ihe ọ fruitụ fruitụ mkpụrụ osisi, mmanụ a honeyụ, cubes shuga ma ọ bụ mbadamba glucose, swiiti ma ọ bụ ụrọ. Ọ bụrụ na mgbaàmà ahụ apụwo, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, mgbe minit 15-30 ka a na-atụ aro iri akụkụ mbụ, nke nwere protein na carbohydrates dị mgbagwoju anya.
Na nnukwu hypoglycemia, a na-ahụ maka glucagon intramuscularly, yana usoro glucose na-etinye uche dị ukwuu. Mgbe onye ọrịa nwere ike iri nri nke aka ya, a na-ebu ụzọ nye ya nri carb, mgbe nke ahụ gasịkwara, enwere ike inye gị ọgwụ nri nkịtị ka ọ bụrụ n ’akara nke shuga.
Enyere ozi banyere ọkwa shuga dị n’ọbara dị na vidiyo n’isiokwu a.
