Nri (pancreas) bụ ihe glandular nke usoro nri. N'ime ụmụ mmadụ, pancreas dị n'ime oghere dị n'ime afọ, nke a na-akpọghachi azụ, ya bụ, n'azụ peritoneum.
Ọ na - emechi afọ na ọtụtụ ọgịrịga nnukwu vaskụla, nke na - akọwa oke vascularization ya. N'ihi ịdị ọcha nke topography, ihe ịtụnanya ọ bụla, ọkachasị akwara, bụ ihe dị egwu maka mmadụ.
Nri a nwere akuku ndia:
- isi nke nwere ihe jikọrọ ya, nke na-ekpuchi duodenum, ajị anụ nwere eriri ụzọ na-ekewa isi na aru nke pancreas;
- anụ ahụ nwere ọdịdị nke triangle, nke nwere oghere n'ihu chere ihu n’azụ afọ nke afọ, na-eche ihu n’ịdọ aka nke azụ, aorta na arịa ndị ọzọ;
- ọdụ ya na-adị ka pel.
Na mgbakwunye, o nwere ụzọ abụọ nwere oghere - ha pere mpe, ha na-agakọ ọnụ na-agakọ ọnụ ma na-abanyekwa na lumen nke duodenum 12. Ugba mmiri a ga-emepe site na paodilla nnukwu.
Gịnị na-eme ikpochapụ akwara?
Otu njiri mara nke gland bụ na ọ na - ejikọkwa n'otu oge ọrụ abụọ - exo na endocrine.
Akụkụ akụkụ ahụ nọchiri anya akụkụ ahụ (exocrine). Nke ahụ bụ, akụkụ a nke enzymes a na-egbochi pancreas dị mkpa maka mgbaze site na oghere ahụ gafere n'ime lumen nke duodenum.
Akụkụ dị ntakịrị bụ endocrine. Nke ahụ bụ, ọrụ ya bụ njikọ na izobe mmiri nke homonụ dị mkpa n’ime ọbara.
Na mpaghara exocrine, ọtụtụ enzymes diges na-emepụta:
- Chebe.
- Lipase.
- Amilazu.
- Trypsin.
Iji mepụta nri enzymes, ọ dị mkpa ịzụlite otu nri oriri na-edozi ahụ:
- I kwesiri iri nri mgbe nile.
- Ọnụ nri a na-eri n’otu oge kwesịrị ịdị obere.
- Erimeri kwesiri idozi ya.
Na mgbakwunye, oriri nke mmanya siri ike na nri carbohydrate ga-ebelata.
Nke a bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na njikọ nke enzymatic bekee bụ usoro na-agwụ ike maka pancreas. Enweghi ike ime ihe nile nwere ike ime ka anyi ghara idi nnochu oke.
A na-anọchi anya endocrine pancreatic lobe site na obere mpaghara nke mejupụtara agwaetiti nke Langerhans. Mkpụrụ ndụ alfa, mkpụrụ ndụ beta na gamma dị n'agwaetiti ndị a. Ajuju nke homonụ nke pancreas na-amịpụta, ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ na-esiri ndị ọrịa ike ịza ma ọ bụ icheta insulin.
A na-emepụta homonụ ndị na-esonụ site na pancreas na akụkụ endocrine:
- insulin;
- glucagon;
- somatostatin;
- polypeptide pancreatic;
- ghrelin.
Homonụ na-emepụta n’ime anụ ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu n’ihe niile metabolic na-eme n’ahụ.
Ihe omuma nke enzymes pancreatic
N'ime ahụike, iron nwere ike imepụta enzyme ndị a dị iche na ebumnuche ọrụ ha.
Ihe nchebe bụ enzyme nke na-emebi ihe nchebe site na ịgbaji peptide agbụ n'etiti amino acid. N'ihi protein, usoro nri mmadụ na-agbari maka nri protin, gụnyere anụ, mkpo, azụ, ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi, wdg. Iji mee ka mgbaze protein a na-agbari, a na-atụ aro iri nri nke ọma na-etolite otu ụdị nri. Usoro a ga - akwado ọrụ nke pancreas nke ukwuu. Na-egweri ngwa ngwa nke ngwaahịa - nnukwu protein protein na-abanye na ngba ahụ, nke na-agbagha ọrụ nke nchebe dị ukwuu.
Lipase bụ ihe na-eweta mbibi abụba. N'ihi ihe nke lipase, a na-etinye abụba n'ime ahụ nke ọma. Na-enweghị ya, nnabata nke ọdụdụ asịd dị ka omega-3 na omega-6 abụba abụba agaghị ekwe omume. Na mgbakwunye na lipase, cholesterase, kpọmkwem eriri afọ na afọ lipase, na-eso akpata mmebi nke abụba.
Amylase bụ ihe enzyme nke na-akwalite ndakpọ steepụ na polysaccharides ndị ọzọ n'ime oligo - na monosaccharides. Nke ahụ bụ, ọrụ ya bụ "ịhazi" carbohydrates. Enwere otutu amylase: alfa, beta na gamma. Ntinye uche ya n’ime ọbara bụ ihe dị mkpa iji mata ihe gbasara ọrịa akwara. Carbohydrate nwere ihe oriri nwere nri ụtọ, mkpụrụ osisi, tomato dị ụtọ, ọka, na ngwongwo ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ejikọta carbohydrates na nri, abụba a ga - akpọ ụdị nri a - BZHU na - ejikọ ya. Iri nri dị otú a na - akpata ibu dị arọ n'ahụ sel nke gland. Onye na-enye aka na pensụl na mgbari nke nri carbohydrate bụ gland ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị, ma na-eme ka amylase rụsie ọrụ ike. Ndọtị nke carbohydrates na-amalite ugbua n'ọnụ. Carbohydrates ọ bụla siri ike na-agbadata na usoro moosaccharide.
Trypsin sokwa na-arụ ọrụ na ndakpọ nke protein. Nke ahụ bụ, enzymes nke mmiri ọgwụ exocrine bụ akụkụ dị egwu nke a na-akpọ "ihe ọ digụesụ nri".
Ọnụ ọgụgụ enzymes pancreatic nwere ike ịdị iche iche dabere na ụdị nri. Mgbe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eri nri nwere carbohydrate, mkpụrụ ndụ akwara na - ezochi enzyme nri karia, nke na - agbaze polysaccharides na stachi (amylase), ma belata obere enzymes ndị ọzọ.
Nwepu nri mgbe niile na iri nri nwere ike ibute oria di iche iche.
Kedu homonụ nke prens na-emepụta?
Insulin bu homonụ a na-ahụ nke ọma nke pancreas. A na-etinyere ya na sel beta nke agwaetiti.
Ọ bụ ọrụ maka ịbanye glucose na sel, na-akwalite nguzo nke glycogen na imeju, na-emekwa ka njikọ nke lipids na protein pụta. “Ebube” ya jikọtara ya na ọrịa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya - ọrịa shuga.
Ọrịa shuga mellitus (DM) bụ ọrịa na - ebilite n'ihi ọrịa nke zoro ezo ma ọ bụ ntinye insulin. E nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga abụọ: nke mbụ na nke abụọ. N'ime ụdị dịgasị iche iche, onye ọrịa na-etolite ụkọ insulin ma ọ bụ kpam kpam, na nke abụọ - mkpụrụ ndụ “na-efunahụ” ihe ndị na-achọpụta ihe insulin na-eme.
Site na ụdị dịgasị iche iche nke ọrịa ahụ, onye ọrịa na-enwe hyperglycemia na-ekweghị ala, nke chọrọ mgbazi ọgwụ. Eziokwu na-adọrọ mmasị bụ na a na-ekpuchi hormone a n'ọtụtụ sayensị, ya bụ, ndị ọkachamara n'ịgwọ ọrịa maara nke ọma njirimara na nchịkọta nke insulin.
Adrenaline homonụ adrenaline nwere mmetụta nke insulin. Ọ na - eme ka ọbara glycogen nwee umeji na - arụ ọrụ, ebe insulin na - eme ya, “na - echekwa” ya.
Glucagon bụ homonụ nke bụ "zọrọ oke" nke insulin. Ma, ọ bụrụ na insulin na-ebelata ọkwa nke glucose n'ọbara, glucogon, n'ụzọ megidere, na-eme ka itinye uche ya na hypoglycemia dịkwuo elu.
Somatostatin bụ homonụ nke usoro ya na - eme na sel sel del nke pancreatic. Ọdịmma ya bụ na mgbakwunye na mpaghara a, a na-agbanwe ya na hypothalamus, akụkụ akwara neuroendocrine.
Ọ na-egbochi ihe nzuzo nke somatoliberin na hypothalamus, yana nzuzo nke somatotropin na thyrotropin na akụkụ ahụ. Ọ na-egbochi njikọ nke serotonin.
Mmebi nke njikọ nke somatostatin nwere ike iduga mmepe nke ọrịa dịka gigantism na acromegaly. Na mgbakwunye, ezughi oke ya na-akpali mmepe nke pathology nke gland thyroid.
A na-egbochi polycptic polypeptide site na mkpụrụ ndụ PP nke agwaetiti pancreatic. Ọ bụ ya na-egbochi mgbochi nzuzo na mkpali nke nzuzo acid acid.
Ghrelin bụ hormone mara ama, mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmadụ niile maara ịdị omimi nke ihe ọ na-eme. Ọ bụ ya 'na-akpali' agụụ.
Isi ọrụ nke pancreas
Iron na-ezochi ọtụtụ enzymes ndị dị mkpa maka mgbaze ọma. Na "ihe ọ juiceụ "ụ" pancreatic nwere, na mgbakwunye na enzymes, bicarbonates akọwapụtara. Bicarbonate na-ewepu ihe ọ juiceụ gastụ gastric site na mmeghachi omume nke mgbochi.
A na-achịkọta nzuzo nke pancreas n'ime obere ducts, nke na-emecha jikọtara ya na ductenum na-emeghe ma na-emeghe n'ime lumen nke duodenum. Ọkpụkpụ ahụ na - arụ ọrụ. N’etiti akụkụ ya, enwere otu ‘agwaetiti homonụ’ ndị na-enweghị ụzọ ọpụpụ. N’agwaetiti ndị ahụ, a na-ezo mmiri homonụ nke na-emetụta metabolism nke anụ ahụ.
A na - ekekọta enzymes protein n'ime ahụ mmadụ n'ụdị nke a na - akpọ enzymes. Ntinye ha chọrọ otu enzyme eriri afọ, enterokinase. Enterokinase gbadoro ụkwụ na eriri afọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, trypsin pụtara site na trypsinogen n'okpuru ọrụ nke enterokinase.
Usoro dị otú ahụ maka njikọ nke enzymes, yana itinyekwu mgbakwunye ha na mpụga nke pancreas, na-egbochi ihe ịtụnanya nke onwe. Ọ bụrụ na-ezobe ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ya na pancreas, ikekwe nwoke ahụ ga-anwụ ozugbo.
Maka ịrụ ọrụ nke akụkụ exocrine nke pancreas, usoro humoral dịkwa mkpa. Ihe ndi choputara n’ọrụ ya bu: gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin.
Mkpụrụ ndụ nke eriri afọ na-egbochi ha. A na-akpali ọrụ ha site na neurons nke "na-eteta" mgbe chyme na-agbatị mgbidi akụkụ ahụ.
Ọrịa kachasị dị na ọrịa anụ ahụ
Anụ a na-eme ka ahụrụ ala bụ ngwa ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu.
Ọ bụla nke pathology, n'ụzọ ọjọọ na-emetụta steeti ahụ ike nke anụ ahụ.
A na-ahụkarị ọrịa ndị a na usoro ọgwụgwọ:
- Ọrịa mgbu Nnukwu nnabata na ụdị adịghị ala ala. Nke a bụ ọrịa nke enzymes na-arụ ọrụ n’oge n’ebughi oke ma bido ibibi anụ ahụ. N'okwu a, a na-atụba ihe nhicha nke enzymes niile na mgbasa. Ọzọkwa, ha na-emebi akụkụ ahụ na sistem nke anụ ahụ, ọ kachasị ụbụrụ, akwara umeji yana myocardium, akụrụ na umeji. Nnukwu ọrịa a na - eme ọsịsa bụ nnukwu ihe, chọrọ ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa ịwa ahụ ozugbo, ọrịa. Tupu ịbanye n'ụlọ ọgwụ, enwere ike inyere onye ọrịa aka site na itinye ice n'akụkụ mpaghara ntule ahụ. Ihe mgbaàmà nke oria a enweghị ike ịnagide, mgbu na-egbu mgbu. Ọzọkwa, mmụba nke enzymes pancreatic ka a na-ekpebi mgbe niile na nyocha ọbara. N’ọdịnihu, n’ihi ọdịda nke sistem enzymatic, nsogbu ọnya na-esonye.
- Ọrịa kansa na-efe efe bụ ọrịa kansa riri oke. Ọkpụkpụ ahụ na-esite n’ime sel epithelial nke anụ ahụ. Ihe ize ndụ dị ukwuu nke ọrịa ahụ bụ ndị na-a alcoholụ mmanya siri ike, ndị na-ese anwụrụ, ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus, ọrịa imeju.
- Cystic fibrosis bụ ọrịa sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-emetụta akụkụ ahụ niile glandular, gụnyere pancreas. Ọkpụkpụ fibrosis na-amalite na akwara, nke na-egbochi ogo ọrụ ya. Na mgbakwunye na pancreas, ọrịa ahụ na-emetụta akpa ume, eriri afọ, glands gre. Emere nchọpụta ahụ ugbu a n'ọnwa mbụ nke ndụ nwatakịrị na-arịa ọrịa. Nnwale cystic fibrosis bụ nyocha a na - ahụbeghị nwa.
- Ọrịa shuga mellitus bụ ọrịa endocrine dị njọ nke na - emetụta ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara.
Ndị na-ahụ maka ọrịa gastroenterologists, endocrinologists, oncologists, ndị na-agwọ ọrịa, ndị dọkịta ezinụlọ na ndị dọkịta na-awa ahụ na-etinye aka na ọgwụgwọ na mgbochi nke ọrịa na-efe efe.
Ọgwụ nke pathologies nke pancreas
N'ihi na onye ọ bụla nosology - ya ọgwụgwọ pụrụ iche. A na-eji usoro ịwa ahụ na ọgwụ ọgwụ na-agwọ nnukwu ọrịa pancreatitis.
N'ọnọdụ nke ọrịa pancreatitis na-adịghị ala ala na enweghi ike, ekwesịrị ịkọ ọgwụ ọgwụgwọ enzyme.
Oncology nke pancreatic nwere onodu ojoo ojoo. N’agbanyeghi ihe eji akpo ogwu, ogwugwo, radiotherapy n’ebe ndi oria di, ndu ndi oria n’afo kariri iri. Yabụ, ihe kachasị, na nke a, usoro ọgwụgwọ na usoro ọgwụgwọ.
Ọgwụgwọ ụdị shuga 1 ma ọ bụ ụdị 2 bụ naanị maka ndị endocrinologists. Dabere n’ụdị ọrịa shuga, a na-enye usoro ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị. Maka ụdị nke mbụ, iji ọgwụ insulin dochie anya dị irè. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ụdị ọrịa shuga mbụ na-emetụta ụmụaka, ndị na-eto eto na ndị na-eto eto. Seconddị nke abụọ bụ ndị agadi.
Mgbochi nke nsogbu nke ihe ọrịa na akwara ahụ bụ mmezi nke ndụ ahụike, nyocha ahụike oge niile na iji ọgwụ ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche maka mgbochi.
Banyere ọrụ nke pancreas ga-agwa onye ọkachamara na vidiyo ahụ n'isiokwu a.
