ATHEROSCLEROSIS NA ỌRỊA DỊ N'IME: MMEPE NKE ỌRỊA NA MMEBI AHỤ

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A na-achọpụtakarị ọrịa Atherosclerosis na ọrịa ndị dị n'ime ahụ na sistem.

A kọwara ihe ịtụnanya a site na eziokwu ahụ bụ na imebi lipid na protein metabolism na-abụkarị nsonaazụ ma ọ bụ ihe kpatara ọrịa ọ bụla.

Ya mere, nyocha nke mbu nke atherosclerosis na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa - usoro dị mgbagwoju anya, n'ihi pathology na mbụ ọ naghị egosipụta onwe ya.

Usoro nke mmepe na ihe na-akpata atherosclerosis

Na atherosclerosis, enwere mkpokọ cholesterol na irighiri akwara ndị dị n'etiti choroerol na mkpụrụedemede na etiti, n'ihi nsị nke a na-edobe salts na akwara ndị a na-agbasa.

Ihe mgbaàmà mbụ nke atherosclerosis na-apụta mgbe ihe karịrị ọkara na-egbochi akwara ozi.

Ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa ahụ dabere na mpaghara nke arịa ndị emetụtara.

Ọ bụ omenala ekewapụ atọ maka mmepe nke ọrịa.

Nke mbu bu nbido ibelata abuba - ihe mbu bu ekpughe oria. Ọ na - ebilite n'ihi nchịkọta nke macrophages na mkpụrụ ndụ akwara dị larịị, nke na - agbakọba egbugbere ọnụ. Ka oge na-aga, abụba na-apụta, ma ọnụnọ ya apụtaghị na mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa atherosclerosis. Ọbụna na ụmụ ọhụrụ, a na-ahụ ntụpọ abụba n'ime arịa nwere dayameta 1-2 mm.

Nke abụọ bụ uto nke ihe dị n'ime oghere arịa ahụ. Ọ mejupụtara kristal esters na cholesterol, nke bụ isi dị nro, yana irighiri akwara - okpu mkpuchi. Mmụba nke okwute ndị na-emebi emebi na-eme ka mbelata akwara ozi. Cholesterol na - esite n'ọbara, na - agbakọta na mgbidi arịa.

Nke ato - ọnụnọ nke nsogbu dị mgbagwoju anya - agba nke ikpeazụ na mmepe nke atherosclerosis. Na-egosiputa mbelata nke ọkpụrụkpụ Capsule nke nkwụnye ego na-erughị 65 micron, yana ihe microcracks na ọnya dị n’elu ya. Nke a gụnyere mgbakwunye platelet na kapịlị, nke na-ebute thrombosis, ọnya obi, nkụchi obi na ọrịa ndị ọzọ metụtara ọbara ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ nkwụsị ya kpamkpam na akwara ozi emetụtara.

A na-ewere nguzobe nke nkwụnye ego atheromatous dị ka usoro ebumpụta ụwa, mana enwere ọtụtụ ihe nwere ike belata ya ma ọ bụ mee ngwa ngwa.

Patanatomi gụnyere ihe ndị a:

Okike na afọ. Ọrịa a na-etolite n'ime ụmụ nwoke 3-4 ugboro karịa karịa n’ebe ụmụ nwanyị nọ. Ọzọkwa, ihe ịrịba ama mbụ n’ime ụmụ nwoke na-apụta mgbe ha dị afọ iri anọ na anọ, na ụmụ nwanyị - malite na afọ iri ise na ise.
Jenetik Ọ gụnyere ihe ndị dị ka ọrụ sistem ahụ ọ na - alụso ọrịa ọgụ, ọnụnọ nke dyslipoproteinemia e ketara eketa na ọkwa nke homonụ.
Omume ojoo. Ihe kachasị dị ize ndụ maka usoro obi bụ ị isụ sịga, Sịga ọ bụla nwere nnukwu nicotine na tar nke na-emerụ ahụ. Gaghị adoụbiga mmanya ókè, ọ bụ ezie na 100 g nke mmanya na-acha ọbara ọbara na-egbu egbu n'oge nri abalị bụ mgbochi dị mma maka ọbara mgbali elu.

Na mgbakwunye, ihe kpatara mgbanwe nke ọrịa nwere ike ịbụ ọnụnọ nke oke ibu.

Oké ibu na-akpata ọtụtụ ọrịa - atherosclerosis, ọrịa shuga, wdg, ya mere, ịkwesịrị idozi oke ahụ.

Maindị isi nke atherosclerosis

Enwere ọrịa dị iche iche.

Ihe a na-ahụkarị bụ nhazi ọkwa nke atherosclerosis, dabere na ọnọdụ ọnya ọgbụgba nke atheromatous nke arịa ọbara.

Thedị ọrịa ahụ na-apụta ma onwe ya na usoro.

A na - amata ụdị atherosclerosis ndị a:

Atherosclerosis nke akwara ọbara, bụ nke ihe mgbu na-egosipụtakarị. N'ihi mmebi nke akwara ndị dị na obi, ọpụpụ oxygen na-aga n'ihu myocardium. N'ihi ya, ngaghari nke pathology na-eduga na angina pectoris, nkụchi obi, ọrịa obi na akwara na mberede ọnwụ obi.
Aodị aortic bụ ọnya nke akwara ọbara nke kachasị na anụ ahụ - aorta. Mmepe nke plasta cholesterol na-emetụta ọrụ nke akụkụ niile na sistem.
Atherosclerosis nke akụrụ. N'ime akara nke ọrịa, mgbu n'oge urination, ọnụnọ ọbara na mmamịrị, mwakpo nke ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgba kwesịrị pụta ìhè. Mmepe nke ọrịa a gụnyere ọbara mgbali elu na ọdịda akụrụ.
Atherosclerosis nke arịa ụbụrụ. Brainbụrụ bụ otu ụzọ dị mkpa nke sistemụ akwara etiti, yabụ, agụụ ikuku oxygen nke akụkụ a na-ebute nsonaazụ dị egwu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọrịa strok ma ọ bụ ntụgharị ọnya ọnya.
Na-ehichapụ atherosclerosis nke ala na nke elu ahụ. Na mbido, a ga-ahụ ihe iriba ama dị ka ntutu isi na ukwu na aka ya, ọbara aka nke mkpịsị aka, ihe mgbu, aka ụkwụ, wdg.
Atherosclerosis nke akwara akwara na-enye eriri afọ. Isi ihe ngosipụta nke ọrịa ahụ bụ mwakpo nke azụ ime - colic dịka ihe mgbu nke afọ. Ihe dị ize ndụ bụ thrombosis nke alaka nke arịa ọbara na necrosis nke akụkụ eriri afọ na mesentery.

Na agbanyeghị ụdị ọrịa na-efe efe, ihe mgbapụta mpụga nke ọnya anụ ahụ atheromatous nwere ike ịpụta:

xanthomas - ụdị dị ka "tubercles" nke dị na mpaghara nkwonkwo na akwara;
Senile arch - ọdịdị nke agba dị iche iche na-acha odo odo n'akụkụ ọnụ cornea.

Na mgbakwunye, xanthelasms nwere ike ịpụta - nguzo nke ntụpọ odo na akpụkpọ ahụ, na - enwekarị agwa dị egwu, n'ihi nkwanye cholesterol na triglycerides.

Hydị Hyperlipidemia nke Fredrickson

Hyperlipidemia bụ usoro akụrụngwa nke oke mmiri nke lipids na lipoproteins na plasma ọbara.

Ọrịa a bụ isi ihe na mmepe nke ọrịa obi, gụnyere atherosclerosis.

Anddị na otu mmegharị	Ihe ngosiputa	Lipid na-akpata hyperlipidemia	Isi hyperlipidemia	Secondary hyperlipidemia
І (1%)	Enweghi ike nke lipoprotein lipase (LPLase), hyperchilomicronemia	Ọtụtụ n'ime triglycerides	Ọdịdị nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa Jen	Mmepe nke pancreatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ọrịa shuga
IIa (10%)	LDL dị elu	Cholesterol	Ezigbo hypercholesterolemia	Ihe mere nephrosis, hypothyroidism, oke porphyria, idiopathic hypercalcemia
IIb (40%)	Nsonaazụ nke LDL na VLDL	Cholesterol na triglycerides	Ezigbo hypercholesterolemia na hyperlipidemia	Mmepe nke ọrịa shuga, ọrịa nephrotic
III (1%)	Nnukwu STD	Cholesterol na triglycerides	Familia dysbetalipoproteinemia	Ihe omume hypothyroidism, dysglobulinemia, ọrịa shuga
IV (45%)	Mmụba VLDL mụbara	Triglycerides	Familial hypertriglyceridemia, yana jikọtara yana hyperlipidemia ezinụlọ	Ọdịdị nke SLE, ọdịda akụrụ, ọrịa shuga mellitus, ọrịa nephrotic, glycogenosis
Ise (5%)	VLDLP na chylomicrons dị elu	Otutu cholesterol na triglycerides	Familial hypertriglyceridemia, jikọtara ya na usoro hyperlipidemia	Mmepe nke ọrịa shuga, glycogenosis, ọrịa nephrotic, hypothyroidism, dysglobulinemia

Hypercholesterolemia - Ọrịa concomitant

Hypercholesterolemia n'echiche bụ ọrịa na-abụghị ọrịa. Kama, obu ihe aka n’ile na ito nke oria ufodu.

Ejiri Hypercholesterolemia site na kọlọtọ plasma dị elu. A na-ahọpụta ụdị nke ọrịa mbụ na nke abụọ.

E kee hypercholesterolemia nke izizi n’ime otutu:

Ezinaụlọ N'ime obi mmepe ya bụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ndị na-anabata LDL. Ọzọkwa, a na-ahụ homozygotes na ugboro 1 n'ime 1 nde. N'ime ndị ọrịa, ịta cholesterol dịgasị iche site na 15 ruo 31 mmol / L. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọrịa obi na-ebilite ebilite ruo afọ 20.
Polygenic. O gosiputara onwe ya dika ihe si na nri iri adighi nma ma obu buru oke ibu megide ihe riri aru. Chota cholesterol n'ime plasma ọbara sitere na isii ruo 8 mmol / L. N'ime ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa obi na - eme tupu afọ 60.
Ejikọtara ezinụlọ. Ọnọdụ ndị a na-etolite na 1-2% nke mmadụ.

Secondary hypercholesterolemia bụ ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa gbasara akwara, ọrịa shuga mellitus (ụdị nke m na ụdị nke II), hypothyroidism, pancreatitis, ọrịa imeju, oke ibu, na ọrịa ọnya biliary.

Formdị a na - eme ọtụtụ oge karịa nke mbụ.

Ọgwụgwọ na mgbochi ọrịa

Atherosclerosis enweghị ike ịgwọ ọrịa kpamkpam, mana ọ ga - ekwe omume ịkwụsị itinye oghere nke cholesterol site na nyocha na ọgwụgwọ oge.

Usoro nyocha maka echere na atherosclerosis gụnyere akụkọ banyere ahụike, nyocha mbụ nke onye ọrịa, ụlọ nyocha na ụzọ nyocha. N'etiti nnwale nnwale kachasị, a na-amata kọlestrọl na nchịkọta atherogenicity. Diagnozọ nyocha dị iche iche gụnyere angiography, coronography, aortography, ultrasound of the renal arteries, resovasography and ultrasound.

N'ime 80% nke ikpe, ọgwụ ọgwụ na-enyere aka iwepụ akara nke ọrịa ahụ ma gbochie nsonaazụ dị egwu. Dọkịta depụtara ọgwụ ndị a:

Statins bụ ọgwụ kachasị ewu ewu na ọgwụgwọ nke atherosclerosis. Ebumnuche ha bụ iwelata ọrụ nke imeju na mmepụta cholesterol. Ihe atụ nke ụdị ọgwụ ọjọọ bụ rosuvastatin na atorvastatin.
Ihe nlere nke LCD na-egbochi njikọta nke bile acid na imeju. Ngwọta dị irè bụ Colesevelam na Colestyramine. N'ihi iji usoro LCD, a na-abawanye oriri cholesterol iji hụ na usoro ịgbari nri nkịtị.
Fibrates bụ ọgwụ na-emebi triglycerides, si otú a na-eme ka metabolism lipid dị ike. N'ime ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ ị nwere ike ịzụta, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Trikor ma ọ bụ Atromid.
Niacin bụ ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọgwụgwọ nke atherosclerosis. Ọ na - arụpụta ọgwụ antispasmodic na vasodilator, mana anaghị agbada cholesterol. Ọgwụ nke nwere nicotinic acid bụ nke a machibidoro ọrịa shuga mellitus, ọrịa nke gallbladder na imeju.

N'ọnọdụ dị elu, a na-edenye ịwa ahụ. A na-ezo aka na angioplasty n'ụzọ ndị na-adịghị ala ala, yana akụkụ vaskụla na ịgbachi ume na-ezo aka na usoro ọgụ.

Maka ọgwụgwọ na mgbochi nke atherosclerosis, a ghaghị ịhụ ihe oriri pụrụ iche. Ọ kachasị mma ịgbaso nri obere carb na cholesterol dị elu. Ọ na-ewepu ikere ngwaahịa dị otu a: