ỌKPỤKPỤ THYROID NA AHỤ MMADỤ - ỌRỊA SHUGA MELLITUS

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Gland thyroid bụ akụrụngwa nke usoro endocrine. Ọrụ nke anụ ahụ bụ mmepụta nke homonụ ayodiin (thyroid) na-etinye aka na nhazi nke metabolism, na-emetụta uto nke mkpụrụ ndụ otu yana akụkụ ahụ niile.

Ngwakọta ndị a na-emetụtakwa ọnọdụ arụ ọrụ nke ọkpụkpụ, na-akpali ịmụmụ nke osteoblasts ma na-achịkwa usoro nke phosphate na ntinye calcium n'ime anụ ahụ.

Thyroid - ozi izugbe

Ọkpụkpụ thyroid dị n'ihu olu (ntakịrị ntakịrị n'okpuru apụl Adam). Iron dị ihe dịka 18 g ma yiri nru ububa. N'azụ azụ gland bụ ọrịa obi, bụ́ nke a na-ejikọ eriri afọ gland, na-ekpuchi ya. N'elu azụ gland bụ akụrụngwa thyroid.

Ọkpụkpụ thyroid bụ akwara dị larịị ma dịkwa nro nke siri ike ịchọpụta n’ịgwọ ọrịa palpation, agbanyeghị, ọbụlagodi ntakịrị ntakịrị ihe na -eme ya anya nke ọma, ya na anya ya gbara ọtọ. Ọkpụkpụ thyroid na-arụ ọrụ na-adabere n'ọtụtụ ihe - ọkachasị, na ụba nke ayodiin Organic na-abanye n'ahụ.

Enwere ọrịa oria abụọ metụtara ọrịa thyroid na-arụ ọrụ:

Pathologies metụtara mmepụta homonụ belatara (hypothyroidism);
Ọrịa kpatara oke ọrụ homonụ (hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis).

Enweghị ntụpọ Iodine hụrụ n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ala nwere ike iduga mmepe nke goiter jupụtara - gland thyroid na-ebuwanye ibu.
Ihe kpatara oria a bu na mmeghachi omume nke gland thyroid ka enweghi iodine n’ime mmiri na nri.

A na-enyocha ọnọdụ arụmọrụ gland na usoro nyocha iji usoro nyocha ọbara. Enwere nnwale nke na-ekpebi ọkwa nke ụdị homonụ ọ bụla nke thyroid gland mepụtara.

Ọrụ thyroid

Isi ọrụ gland bụ mmepụta homonụ thyroxine (T4) na triiodothyronine (T3)

Homonụ ndị a na - achịkwa metabolism n’ime ahụ - ha na - akpali, na - eme ka ọ gbasie ike (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, jiri nwayọ) ndakpọ ma na - ekeghachi carbohydrates, abụba na protein.

A na-achịkwa ọkwa nke homonụ thyroid pituitary gland nke di na ala ala nke ụbụrụ. Ahụ a na-ezobe homonụ na-akpali akpali, nke na-akpali gland thyroid, na-eme ka ọ na ụba mmepụta thyroxine na triiodothyronine. Usoro a na-arụ ọrụ na ndabere nke nzaghachi. Ọ bụrụ na homonụ thyroid dị ole na ole, glandia gland na-amịpụta ụba ụba nke homonụ na-akpali akpali na nke ọzọ. Ya mere, a na-edobe otu ọkwa homonụ n'ime ahụ.

Usoro nke homonụ thyroid na-achịkwa:

Metabolism nke abụba na carbohydrates;
Ọrụ nke obi na arịa ọbara;
Ọrụ usoro nri;
Ọrụ uche na ụjọ;
Usoro ọmụmụ.

Thydị sel thyroid na-arụpụta nke ọma ma na - egbochi hormone ọzọ n'ime ọbara. calcitonin. Ihe a na - arụ ọrụ na - edozi ọkwa dị na ahụ mmadụ. N'ihi ya, a na-achịkwa ọnọdụ nke usoro ọkpụkpụ na ụzọ nke mkpali akwara na anụ ahụ.

Ọkpụkpụ thyroid na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime ahụ niile n'oge uto ya, na-amalite site n'oge ẹmbrayo. Mmezu zuru oke nke mmadụ na-adabere na steeti na arụmọrụ nke gland thyroid.

Mmetụta ọrịa shuga na steeti thyroid gland

Ọrịa shuga mellitus, dị ka usoro na-adịgide adịgide nke usoro metabolic, na-eme ka ohere nke thyroid dysfunction dịkwuo elu. Dika onu ogugu onodu ogwu si di, n’ime ndi mmadu nwere oria shuga, oria thyroid bu 10-20% karia.

Ndị nwere ọrịa shuga dị iche iche nọ n'ihe ize ndụ kachasị. Autoimmune (ya bụ ihe kpatara ya bụ ọrịa) nke ọrịa gland ahụ na-adị onye ọrịa atọ ọ bụla nwere ụdị shuga 1.
Banyere ndị nwere ọrịa shuga II, oke nke ịmalite etolite thyroid dịkwa oke elu, ọkachasị ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị usoro mgbochi.

Mmekọrịta enwere mmekọrịta: ọnụnọ nke ọrịa thyroid (nke dị na ahụ tupu mmepe nke ọrịa shuga) na-emetụta n'ụzọ dị mma nke ọrịa shuga.

Hypothyroidism na-emetụta n'ụzọ nke insulin n'ọbara; na ọrịa hyperthyroidism, nsonaazụ nke ndị ọrịa mamịrị dị egwu karị.

Ọnụnọ nke hyperthyroidism na-abawanye ọkwa glucose plasma. Nri shuga na-elu mgbe niile nwere ike ịkpalite mmepe nke ọrịa shuga dị elu. N'aka nke ozo, ibu gabiga ókè nke enweghi homonu thyroid na-akawanye oria nke metabolism ma nwee ike mee dika ihe ndi ozo maka mmepe nke oria shuga.

N'ihi enweghị ọrụ homonụ nke gland na ndị nwere ọrịa shuga ma ọ bụ ndị bu ọrịa a, ọnọdụ ndị a nwere ike ime:

Mmebi nke metabolism lipid, n'ihi nke a, ụba ọkwa nke cholesterol na lipids na-emerụ ahụ na ọbara na ọkwa nke triglycerides na “bara uru” abụba;
Atherosclerosis nke arịa, ebumnuche nke stenosis (warara nke nje na - akwara) nke akwara, nke na - eme ka ohere nke nkụchi obi na ọrịa strok belata

Hyperthyroidism (ịba ụba nke homonụ thyroid) na-ewusi ihe ịrịba ama na ngosipụta nke ọrịa shuga ike, ebe ọ na-eme ka metabolism dịkwuo elu. Ma ọ bụrụ na usoro metabolic na-eme ngwa ngwa n'oge usoro ha, nke a na-eduga na njo nke ọnọdụ onye ọrịa ugbu a. N’ezie, ọrịa shuga na ọnọdụ ndị a na-aga n’ihu ọtụtụ oge ngwa ngwa.

Nchikota hyperthyroidism na oria shuga nwere ike ibute:

Acidosis (mgbanwe ọrịa na -eme ka nguzogide acid-base nke aru, na-eduga n’inwe ọrịa shuga);
Akpachapu aru nke obi akwara, ezigbo obi akporo arrhythmias (arrhythmia);
Ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ (osteoporosis na mfupụ ọkpụkpụ).

Ahụike ahụike niile na - enwe ahụ ike - site na ngosipụta ọrịa shuga, onye ọrịa na - emeghachi omume n'ụzọ doro anya na ngosipụta nke hyperthyroidism ma ọ bụ enweghị ike nke thyroid.

Zọ mmezi

Ebumnuche ọgwụgwọ bụ isi maka ọrịa shuga yana hyperthyroidism bụ belata ọkwa nke homonụ thyroid.

Ugbu a, enwere ọgwụ ndị dị irè iji belata ọrụ homonụ nke gland thyroid. A na - ekpochapụ hypothyroidism n'ụzọ yiri nke a - site na enyemaka nke mkpali ọgwụ ọjọọ nke gland.

Maka mgbochi, a na-aga ileba anya na homonụ thyroid dị n'ọbara. Ọ bụrụ na enwere mmụba ma ọ bụ ibelata ihe ngosipụta a, ekwesịrị ịme ihe mgbochi. Enwere nkwadebe ọgwụ na-enye iodine Organic n’anụ ahụ iji kpochapụ erughi ihe a nwere na ahụ. Correctiongbazi nri na-edozi ahụ na-enyekwa aka.

Ekwesiri iburu n'uche na ụfọdụ ndị endocrinologists na-atụle hyperthyroidism na-agafe agafe dị ka ihe dị mma maka ndị ọrịa mamịrị, ebe ọ bụ na n'ime ndị okenye ọrụ nke homonụ nke gland na-egbochi mmepe nke mgbanwe atherosclerotic na arịa nke ọrịa shuga.

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