Na Russia Federation, ihe dị ka pasent 45 nke ndị chọpụtara ọrịa shuga na-eji ọgwụgwọ insulin n'oge ndụ ha niile. Dabere na usoro ọgwụgwọ, dọkịta nwere ike ịkọpụta insulin dị mkpụmkpụ, nke dị ala na nke ogologo oge.
Ọgwụ ndị a na-ahụ maka ịgwọ ọrịa shuga bụ insulins na-arụ ọrụ. A na-ahụ ụdị homonụ otu ugboro ma ọ bụ ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị.
Ebe ọ bụ na ịnakwere ọgwụ ahụ na-egbu oge, mmetụta hypoglycemic na-amalite naanị otu awa na ọkara mgbe ọ gbasịrị.
Insdị insulin
- Insulin na-eme ngwa ngwa na-ebulite ọkwa shuga dị n’ọbara nkeji iri na ise ruo iri atọ mgbe itesịrị ya n’ahụ. Enwere ike itinye uche kachasị na ọbara mgbe otu elekere na ọkara ruo awa abụọ, na nkezi, insulin dị otú ahụ nwere ike ime ihe site na awa 5 ruo 8.
- Ọgwụ insulin na-adị ala na-ebelata ọkwa glucose ọbara n’otu otu awa na ọkara ruo awa abụọ mgbe nchịkwa ya gasịrị. A na-ahụta ihe kachasị na ọbara n'ime awa 5-8, mmetụta nke ọgwụ ahụ na-adịgide ruo awa 10-12.
- Insulin homonụ dị ogologo na-arụ ọrụ awa abụọ ma ọ bụ anọ mgbe ọ jisịrị nlekọta ahụ. A na-ahụ ọkwa kachasị nke ihe dị na ọbara mgbe awa 8-12 gachara. N’adịghị ka ụdị insulin ndị ọzọ, ọgwụ a dị irè maka otu ụbọchị. Enwekwara insulins nwere mmetụta hypoglycemic ruo awa 36.
Ọzọkwa, insulin, dabere na usoro iji mee ka ọ dị ọcha, nwere ike ịbụ ihe nkịtị, monopic na monocomponent. N'ime usoro a na-emebu, a na-eji chromatography eme ihe ọcha, a na-enweta insulin monakic site na nsacha site na gel chromatography. Maka insulin monocomponent, a na-eji chromatography ion gbanwere ihe na-eme mgbanwe.
A na-ekpebi ogo ịdị ọcha site na ọnụọgụ proinsulin kwa nde insulin. Enwere ike imezu ihe insulin ogologo oge n'ihi na a na-etinye homonụ ahụ ọgwụgwọ pụrụ iche yana protein na zinc na-agbakwunye ya.
Na mgbakwunye, a na-ekewa insulins n'ime otu dị iche iche, dabere na usoro nkwadebe ha. A na - enweta insulin nke mmadụ site na nsị nje na semisynthesis site na pancreas pig. A na - agwakọta insulin Heterologous site na pancreas nke ehi na ezì.
A na - enweta insulin mmadụ na - eme ihe site na iji threonine dochie amino acid alanine. A na-ejikarị insulin dị otú ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ndị ọrịa mamịrị nwere ọgwụ insulin, ihe nfụkasị ọgwụ ndị ọzọ.
Insulin nke Oge Ọkara
Enwere ike ịhụ mmetụta kachasị elu mgbe awa 6-10 gachara. Oge ọrụ nke ọgwụ ahụ na-adabere na usoro ịhọrọ.
Karịsịa, na ntinye nke 8-12 nkeji nke homonụ, insulin ga-arụ ọrụ ruo awa 12-14, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji usoro ọgwụ nke 20-25 nkeji, ọgwụ ahụ ga-eme 16-18 awa.
Ihe ozo di nkpa bu ohere nke ijiko homonụ na insulin ngwa ngwa. Dabere na onye nrụpụta na ihe mejupụtara, ọgwụ ahụ nwere aha dị iche iche. Ndị kacha mara amara bụ insulins nke obere oge:
- Insuman Bazal,
- Biosulin N,
- Berlinsulin-N basal,
- Homofan 100,
- Protofan NM,
- Humulin NRH.
Ọzọkwa na shelves nke ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ, a na-enye ọgwụ ọgwụ Russia nke Brinsulmi-di ChSP, nke mejupụtara insulin na protamine kwụsịtụrụ.
A na-egosi insulins oge etiti maka:
- 1dị 1 ọrịa shuga mellitus;
- 2dị nke abụọ nke ọrịa shuga mellitus;
- N'ihe banyere nsogbu ọrịa shuga n'ụdị ketoacidosis, acidosis;
- Na mmepe nke ọrịa dị egwu, ọrịa na-efe efe, ịwa ahụ buru ibu, oge ịgafe ọbara, trauma, nrụgide na ndị ọrịa mamịrị.
Ngwa homonụ
A na-eme ọgwụ mgbochi n'ime afọ, apata ụkwụ. Otu aka, A na-ekpebi usoro onunu ogwu n’otu n’otu, na nkwado nke dibia bekee. Amachibidoro ị administrationụ ọgwụ mgbochi ọgwụ.
Ọ dị mkpa ịgbaso ndụmọdụ dọkịta ahụ maka ịhọrọ ụdị homonụ, usoro onunu ogwu na oge ikpughe. Ọ bụrụ na ọrịa mamịrị na - esi n’anụ ezi ma ọ bụ insulin na - ehi ebufere na mmadụ ọzọ, a chọrọ idozigharị dose.
Tupu iwebata ọgwụ ahụ, vial ahụ ga-eji nwayọ maa jijiji ka ihe mgbaze ahụ gwakọta kpamkpam na ụdị mmiri mmiri na-adịghị mma. Achọrọ ị drawnụ insulin chọrọ ya ngwa ngwa banye ntụtụ ma gbanye ya.
Gaghị enwe ike ịme ịma jijiji nke karama ahụ ka ụfụfụ ahụ wee ghara ịpụta, nke a nwere ike igbochi nhọrọ nke usoro ziri ezi. Ngwakọta insulin kwesịrị ịdabere na ntinye nke homonụ eji.
Tupu iwebata insulin, saịtị ịgba ọgwụ adịghị mkpa ka a ghachaa ya. Ọ dị mkpa ka saịtị ịgba ntụtụ ọzọ. Ekwesịrị ilezi anya iji hụ na agịga ahụ abanyeghị na arịa ọbara.
- Nlekọta insulin na ọrịa shuga bụ nkeji iri anọ na ise tupu iri nri ugboro 1-2 n'ụbọchị.
- Ndị ọrịa toro eto, ndị a na-enye ọgwụ ha na nke mbụ ha kwesịrị ịnata ọgwụ ole ha dị 8 nkeji iri otu ugboro n’ụbọchị.
- Na ọnụnọ nke mmetụta dị elu na homonụ ahụ, a na-enye ụmụaka na ndị okenye ihe karịrị nkeji asatọ kwa ụbọchị.
- Ọ bụrụ na -ebilata mmetụta nke homonụ, a na-ahapụ ya ka o jiri usoro onyonye ihe kariri nkeji 24 kwa ụbọchị.
- Oke otu onunu ogwu nwere ike ịbụ nkeji iri anọ. Ceedgabiga oke a ga - ekwe omume naanị na ọnọdụ mberede pụrụ iche.
Enwere ike iji insulin nke dị ogologo oge na njikọta na insulin na-eme obere ihe. N'okwu a, a na-ebu ụzọ ewere insulin ngwa ngwa n'ime sirinji. A na-eme ọgwụ ịgba ọgwụ ozugbo ozugbo agwakọta ọgwụ ahụ.
N'okwu a, ọ dị mkpa inyocha ihe mejupụtara insulin, ebe ọ bụ amachibidoro ịgwakọta nkwadebe zinc na hormone nwere phosphate.
Tupu ị theụ ọgwụ, a ga-akpachapụ anya wee hụ vial ya. Ọ bụrụ na flakes ma ọ bụ ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ọzọ apụta na ya mgbe agwakọta, a naghị anabata insulin. A na-elekọta ọgwụ ahụ dabere na ntuziaka agbakwunye na mkpịsị sirinji. Iji zere mmejọ, dọkịta ahụ aghaghị ịkụziri gị otu esi eji ngwa ahụ banye hormone.
Diagnosedmụnwanyị chọpụtara ọrịa shuga n’oge mmebi kwesịrị inyocha ọbara shuga ha. N'ime oge atọ ọ bụla dị ime, ọ dị mkpa imeghari usoro ọgwụgwọ, dabere na mkpa anụ ahụ.
Ọzọkwa, enwere ike ịgbanwe mgbanwe nke homonụ ahụ n'oge a na-enye nwa ara.
Contraindications na ịdoụbiga mmanya ókè
Site na iji usoro ezighi ezi mee ihe, onye ọrịa ahụ nwere ike ịnweta ihe mgbaàmà hypoglycemia n'ụdị ọsụsọ oyi, adịghị ike dị ukwuu, akpịrị anụ ahụ, pịpị obi, ịma jijiji, ịma jijiji, ọgbụgbọ, ịgbanye akụkụ dị iche iche nke ahụ, isi ọwụwa. Mmadu nwekwara ike itolite prema na coma.
Ọ bụrụ na a hụrụ hypoglycemia dị nwayọ ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị ala ala, onye ọrịa ahụ kwesịrị ịnata ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ glucose dị mkpa n'ụdị mbadamba mkpụrụ osisi, ihe ọ fruitụ juiceụ mkpụrụ osisi, mmanụ a honeyụ, shuga na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ nwere shuga.
Ọ bụrụ na achọtara ọbara hypoglycemia nke ukwuu, mmadụ na-atụfu mmụọ ma ọ bụ nọrọ n’ama, a na-etinye mmịkọta glucose 50 ml nke 50% ngwa ngwa n’ime onye ọrịa. Ihe na - esote bu ngwakọta na - aga n'ihu nke 5% ma ọ bụ 10% ngwọta glucose na - eme ihe. N'otu oge, a na-enyocha ihe na-egosi shuga, creatinine, na urea n'ime ọbara.
Mgbe onye ọrịa mamịrị natara mmụọ, a na-enye ya nri nwere nri carbohydrate ka ọgụ nke hypoglycemia ghara ịmaliteghachi.
A na-egbochi insulin nke oge na-abaghị uru na:
- hypoglycemia;
- insuloma;
- hypersensitivity na insulin homonụ ma ọ bụ n’ihe ọ bụla nke ọgwụ ahụ.
Ọ dị mkpa ịtụle na ọgwụ nwere ike ibute nsonaazụ na-abụkarị na ịdoụbiga mmanya ókè, izu ike ma ọ bụ nri riri, mgbatị ahụ siri ike, na mmepe nke nnukwu ọrịa na-efe efe. N'okwu a, akara ndị a na-esonyere hypoglycemia, nkwarụ akwara, ịma jijiji, nsogbu ihi ụra.
A na-ahụkarị mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa nwere mmetụ nke insulin nke sitere na anụmanụ. Onye ọrịa a na-eku ume ume dị mkpirikpi, ujo anafilactic, ihe na-efe efe na anụ ahụ, akpa umeji, ume iku ume. Ọnọdụ oke nfụkasị nwere ike itinye ndụ mmadụ n'ihe ize ndụ.
Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji ọgwụ ahụ ogologo oge, enwere ike ịhụ lipodystrophy na ntinye insulin.
Site na hypoglycemia, itinye uche nke uche na-akawanye njọ ma ọsọ nke mmeghachi omume psychomotor na-ebelata, yabụ, n'oge oge mgbake ị ekwesịghị ịkwọ ụgbọala ma ọ bụ gbaa usoro dị egwu.
Mmekọrịta na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ
Mkpesa, nke gụnyere zinc, ekwesịghị ịgwakọta ya na insulin phosphate nwere, gụnyere agaghị agwakọta ya na ọgwụ insịk-insulin.
Mgbe ị na-eji ọgwụ ndị ọzọ, ị kwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ dọkịta gị, ebe ọtụtụ ọgwụ nwere ike imetụta mmepụta glucose.
Mee ka mmetụta inspoglycemic nke insulin dịkwuo elu ma mụbaa ihe ize ndụ nke hypoglycemia ọgwụ ndị dị ka:
- tetracyclines
- ndị na-egbochi monoamine oxidase
- onyiresị hypoglycemic wakiil,
- ifosfamides, alfa-blockers,
- sulfonamides,
- angiotensin na - agbanwe enzyme inhibitors,
- tritoxylin,
- ndị na-enupụ isi
- fibrates
- clofibrate
- fluoxetines.
Ọzọkwa, pentoxifyllines, propoxyphenes, salicylates, amphetamines, anabolic steroid, na triphosphamides na-akpata mmetụta yiri ya.
Ike ma ọ bụ mebie mmetụta hypoglycemic nke homonụ salicylates, nnu nke lithium, beta-blockers, reserpine, clonidine. N'otu aka ahụ metụtara ahụ na mmanya.
Diuretics, glucocorticosteroids, sympathomimetics, ọgwụ mgbochi, tricyclic antidepressants nwere ike ịkụda ọrụ insulin.
Na vidiyo dị n'isiokwu a, a na-enye ozi banyere instafan insulin n'ụzọ zuru ezu.
