Ntinye insulin dika dochie anya oria shuga bu ta bu uzo ozo eji egbochi oria hyperglycemia na oria 1, ya na udiri oria insulin nke choro.
A na - eme insulin ọgwụ n'ụzọ ga - eme ka rhythm nke homonụ ahụ banye n'ọbara dịka o kwere mee.
Yabụ, a na-eji ọgwụ dị iche iche durations nke nnabata site na anụ ahụ dị n'okpuru ala. Ogologo insulins na-e releaseomi ntọhapụ ụmị nke homonụ, nke na-enweghị ihe metụtara ịbata nri n'ime eriri afọ, na obere insulins dị mkpụmkpụ na-enyere aka ịbelata glycemia mgbe ị risịrị.
Oyi na eke insulin
Insulin na-ezo aka na homonụ nwere okirikiri agụmakwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ. Na mbu, n’ime agwaetiti apịtị, ya bụ na mkpụrụ ndụ beta, amịkọtara amino acid 110, nke a na-akpọ preproinsulin. A na - ekewa protein protin n’ime ya, proinsulin pụtara. A na - akwakọ protein a na granules, ebe e kewara ya na C-peptide na insulin.
Usoro amino acid kacha nso bụ insulin insulin. Kama threonine dị n'ime ya, yinye B nwere alanine. Ihe dị iche dị n'etiti insulin bovine na insulin mmadụ bụ nsị amino acid 3. A na-emepụta ọgwụ mgbochi na insulins anụmanụ n'ime ahụ, nke nwere ike ime ka iguzogide ọgwụ enyere.
Nhazi nke nhazi insulin n'oge a na ọnọdụ ụlọ nyocha na-eme site na iji mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Biosynthetic insulin yiri nke mmadụ amino acid mejupụtara, a na-emepụta ya site na iji teknụzụ DNA recombinant. Enwere ụzọ abụọ:
- Nkoputa nke nkpuru ihe eji agwughari nkpuru ogwu.
- Site na proinsulin guzobere site na nje nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa gbanwetụrụ.
Phenol bụ ihe eji echekwa ihe iji gbochie mmerụ microbial maka insulin mkpụmkpụ; insulin nwere ogologo nwere ihe paraben.
Nzube insulin
Mmepụta homonụ n’arụ na-aga n’ihu ma kpọọ ya basal ma ọ bụ nzụlite. Ọrụ ya bụ idobe ọkwa glucose nkịtị na nri, yana nnabata glucose na-abata site na imeju.
Mgbe ha risịrị nri, carbohydrates na-abanye n'ọbara ọbara site na eriri afọ dị ka glucose. Iji belata ya, ọ chọrọ inwetakwu insulin. Ntọhapụ nke insulin n’ime ọbara ka a na-akpọ nri (postprandial) secretion, n’ihi nke, mgbe awa 1.5-2 gachara, glycemia na-alaghachi ọkwa mbụ ya, ma nata glucose na - abanye n’ime sel.
N'ime ụdị shuga 1, a gaghị agbanye insulin n'ihi mmerụ ahụ nke metụtara mkpụrụ ndụ beta. Ihe ngosi nke oria oria n’azu oge ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mbibi anụ ọhịa belet. N'ime ụdị ọrịa shuga mbụ, a na-abanye insulin site na ụbọchị mbụ nke ọrịa na maka ndụ.
Candị nke abụọ nke ọrịa shuga a ga-akwụghachi ụgwọ site na ọgwụ ọgwụ ike, yana ọrịa ogologo oge, ọrịa a na-eme ka akwara efesịa ike imepụta homonụ nke ya. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú a, a na-eji ọgwụ insulin tinyere mbadamba ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ndị bụ isi.
Edekwara insulin maka mmerụ ahụ, ịwa ahụ, ime ime, ọrịa na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ ebe enweghị ike belata ọkwa shuga site na iji mbadamba. Ebumnuche ndị a rụzuru na ntinye insulin:
- Normalize glucose ọbara na-ebu ọnụ, ma gbochie oke mmụba ya mgbe ị nụchara carbohydrates.
- Belata shuga mmamịrị.
- Gbochie hypoglycemia na ọrịa shuga.
- Jide oke ahụ dị gị mma.
- Normalize abụba metabolism.
- Mee ka ndu ndi mmadu ghara idi oria mma.
- Iji gbochie vaskụla na nsogbu akwara.
Ihe ndị a na-egosi na ha bụ ụzọ e si kwụọ ụgwọ ọrịa shuga nke ọma. Site na nkwụghachi ụgwọ na-eju afọ, a na-achọpụta ikpochapụ isi ihe kpatara ọrịa ahụ, hypo- na hyperglycemic coma, na ketoacidosis.
Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, insulin sitere na pancreas na-agafere sistem veinal n'ime imeju, ebe ọ bụ ọkara bibie ya, ma kesaa ego fọdụrụnụ n'ahụ niile. E gosipụtara atụmatụ nke iwebata insulin n’okpuru anụ ahụ n’ezie na ọ na-abanye n’ọbara n’azụ oge, ma banye n’imeju ya n’ikpeazụ. Ya mere, a na-ebuli shuga dị n’ọbara nwa oge.
N'akụkụ a, a na-eji ụdị insulin dị iche iche mee ihe: insulin ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụ insulin na-adị mkpụmkpụ, nke ị kwesịrị ịgbanye tupu nri, yana nkwadebe insulin ogologo oge (insulin ogologo oge), ejiri 1 ma ọ bụ ugboro abụọ glycemia kwụsie ike n'etiti nri.
Kedu ka insulin si arụ ọrụ?
Nkwadebe insulin, dị ka homonụ sitere n'okike, na-ekekọta ndị na-anabata ya na akpụkpọ ahụ ma soro ha banye. N'ime ụlọnga ahụ, n'okpuru mmetụta nke homonụ ahụ, a na-amaliteghachi mmeghachi omume nke mmiri ọgwụ. A na-achọta ndị na-anabata ndị ahụ na akwara niile, na mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a chọrọ, enwere ọtụtụ iri ugboro karịa ha. Igha insulin na-abu sel imeju, adipose na anụ ahụ.
Insulin na ọgwụ ya na-edozi ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ njikọ metabolic niile, mana nsonaazụ na shuga ọbara bụ ihe kachasị mkpa. Hormone ahụ na-enye ngagharị nke glucose site na akpụkpọ ahụ ma na-akwalite ojiji ya maka ụzọ kachasị mkpa nke ike ume - glycolysis. A na-eme ka Glycogen site na glucose na umeji, yana nchịkọta nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ọhụrụ na-ebelata.
A na - egosiputa mmetụta insulin ndị a na eziokwu ahụ na ọkwa nke glycemia na-adị ala. A na-akwado iwu nke njikọta insulin na izochi ya na ịta ahụhụ glucose - ọkwa glucose dị elu na-arụ ọrụ, ma onye dị ala na-egbochi ịgbakọ. Na mgbakwunye na glucose, a na-emetụta njikọ ahụ na ọdịnaya nke homonụ n'ime ọbara (glucagon na somatostatin), calcium na amino acid.
Egosiputa mmetụta metabolism nke insulin, yana ọgwụ na ọdịnaya ya, n'ụzọ dị otu a:
- Na-egbochi imebi abụba.
- Ọ na-egbochi guzobe ahụ ketone.
- Mfri obere abụba na-abanye n'ọbara (ha na-abawanye n'ihe ize ndụ nke atherosclerosis).
- N'ime ahụ, a na - egbochi ihe ndị na - edozi ihe na - egbochi ọrụ ya.
Mwepu na nkesa nke insulin n'ime ahụ
A na-agbanye ọgwụ insulin n'ime ahụ. Iji mee nke a, jiri sirinji akpọrọ insulins, pensụl sirinji, ihe mkpuchi insulin. You nwere ike banye ọgwụ n'okpuru anụahụ, n'ime akwara na akwara. Maka nchịkwa intravenous (n'ihe nke coma), naanị insulins adịghị mkpụmkpụ (ICDs) dabara adaba, a na-ejikarị usoro okpuru ala.
Pharmacokinetics nke insulin na-adabere na saịtị injection, usoro onunu ogwu, ịta nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ọgwụ ahụ. Ọzọkwa, obara na-abanye n'ọbara irighiri akwara, ọrụ akwara nwere ike imetụta ọnụego abanye na ọbara. A na-ewebata ngwa ngwa site na ntụtụ n'ime mgbidi akụkụ nke ime, ọgwụ a na-etinye n'ime ihe mkpuchi ma ọ bụ n'okpuru agụba ubu na-agbakarị.
N'ime ọbara, ihe mkpuchi mkpụrụ ndụ insulin na-ebu site na globulins, ọdịdị nke ọgwụ mgbochi ọgwụ nwere ike ime ka mmeghachi nke nkwalite mmekọrịta na protein dị, n'ihi ya, nguzogide insulin. O nwere ike iguzogide mmiri ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na edepụtara insulin anụ ezi ma ọ bụ bovine insulin.
Profaịlụ nke ọgwụ ahụ enweghị ike ịbụ otu na ndị ọrịa dị iche iche, ọbụlagodi na otu onye, ọ na-enwe mgbanwe.
Yabụ, mgbe enyere data gbasara oge ịme ihe na iwepu ọkara ndụ, a na-agbakọ ọgwụ ọgwụ ahụ dabere na ihe ndị na-egosi.
Insdị insulin dị iche iche
A na - ejikarị insulins anụmanụ, nke gụnyere porcine, bovine, bovine, insulin eme ihe iji mepụta ọgwụ sịntetik - analogues nke insulin mmadụ. Dabere na ọtụtụ parampat, isi nke ya bụ allergenicity, insulin kachasị mma bụ ihe eji emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.
E kewara oge ihe iji mee ka insulin na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke ultrashort na obere insulins. Ha na-e reproduomi ahihia homonụ nke nri. Ọgwụ nke oge dị ogologo, yana ogologo nke insulins na-e secreomi usoro basal nke homonụ. Enwere ike ijikọ insulin dị mkpụmkpụ na insulin ogologo oge yana nkwadebe.
Kedu nke bụ insulin kachasị mma - mkpụmkpụ, ọkara ma ọ bụ ogologo, na-ekpebi usoro ọgwụgwọ insulin nke onwe onye, nke dabere na afọ onye ọrịa, ọkwa hyperglycemia na ọnụnọ nke ọrịa concomitant na nsogbu ọrịa shuga.
A na - amata otu nke ultrashort insulins site na ngwa ngwa mmalite nke mmetụta - mgbe nkeji iri nke 10-20, shuga na - agbada dịka o kwere mee mgbe awa 1-2.5 gasịrị, ngụkọta oge nke mmetụta hypoglycemic bụ awa 3-5. Aha ọgwụ: Humalog, NovoRapid na Apidra.
Short insulin na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụrụ na oge 30-60, mmetụta ya dịruru awa 6-8, ana-ahụkarị ihe kachasị ruo awa 2-3 mgbe nchịkwa gasịrị. Ọ dị mkpa ịgbanye nkwadebe insulin na-eme obere oge minit 20-30 tupu nri, n'ihi na nke a ga-eweta nsonaazụ kacha elu nke homonụ n'ọbara maka oge shuga ruru ogo ya kacha elu.
O nwere insulin dị mkpirikpi n'okpuru aha ụdị ndị a:
- Actrapid NM, Rinsulin R, Humulin Regular (nkwadebe insulin na-amụpụta mkpụrụ ndụ)
- Khumudar R, Biogulin R (insulin na-emepụta sịntịlị).
- Actrapid MS, Monosuinsulin MK (anụ ezi anụ ezi).
Kedu insulin ka mma ịhọrọ site na listi a bụ nke dọkịta kpebiri ịga na-eburu n'uche ụdị nfụkasị ahụ, nhọpụta ọgwụ ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ị na-eji insulins nke dura dị iche iche ọnụ, ọ ka mma ma ọ bụrụ na ịhọrọ otu onye nrụpụta. Ọnụ ego nke ụdị insulin dị iche iche na-ekpebi site n'aka onye nrụpụta.
Ekwuputara insulin nke na-eme ihe ngwa ngwa maka nlekọta ụbọchị kwa ụbọchị tupu nri ndị dị mkpa, yana maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa mamịrị n'oge emegharị ahụ. Na obere doses, ndị na-eme egwuregwu ji ọgwụ a eme ihe iji wuo akwara, yana oke ume, thyrotoxicosis, cirrhosis.
A na-eji ọgwụ nke ogologo oge na ogologo ogologo oge iji nọgide na-enwe normoglycemia mgbe insulin mkpụmkpụ ma ọ bụ ultrashort anaghị arụ ọrụ.
Ntụziaka maka iji ya nwere ntuziaka akọwapụtara n'ogo nke nchịkwa nke ọgwụ ndị dị otú a, ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ka a tụọ ha ugboro abụọ ma ọ bụ ugboro abụọ kwa ụbọchị, dabere na ọkwa nke glycemia.
Ntinye insulin
Nhọrọ dị mma maka ọgwụgwọ na-eme ka ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus ghara ịhapụ nri ha kachasị amasị, ma e wezụga ngwaahịa nwere shuga na ntụ ọka ọcha. Enwere ike inweta ụtọ uto site na iji dochie shuga.
Iji ghọta etu esi gbakọọ dose, nke dị mma karịa insulin, otu esi edozi insulin, a na-eme ọgwụ ndị ahụ na-eburu n'uche ọdịnaya nke achịcha achịcha ot (XE). A na-ewere otu ihe dị ka carbohydrate 10 g nke hà nhata. Ngalaba achicha, gbakọrọ dị ka tebụl dị iche iche maka otu ụdị ngwaahịa dị, kpebie ụdị insulin kwesiri ịhazi tupu nri.
Ihe dị ka 1 IU nke insulin na-elekọta kwa XE. A na-abawanye ọgwụ ahụ site na iguzogide ọgwụ a, yana ntinye aka nke homonụ steroid, ọgwụ mgbochi, Heparin, antidepressants na ụfọdụ mkpụrụ ọgwụ.
Mmetụta hypoglycemic nke insulin na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma site na ọgwụ ịbelata shuga na mbadamba, salicylates, anabolic steroid, androgens, furazolidone, sulfonamides, theophylline, ọgwụ nwere lithium, calcium.
Ethanol gbochiri imeputa glucose n’imeju. N'akụkụ a, ị ofụ ihe ọholicụholicụ na-aba n'anya na ndabere nke ọgwụ insulin na-eduga n'ọba hypoglycemic siri ike. Ọ dị ize ndụ karịsịa ị takeụ mmanya na-enweghị afọ.
Ndụmọdụ maka ịchọpụta ogo insulin:
- A na-eme mgbako ahụ kwa 1 n'arọ. Na ngafe buru ibu, a na -ebelata ọnụọgụ site na 0.1, na enweghị - site na mmụba 0.1.
- Maka ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 1 mbụ mellitus, 0.4-0.5 otu kilogram 1.
- N'ime ụdị shuga 1, na ụgwọ akwụghị ụgwọ ma ọ bụ nkwụghachi ụgwọ, ọnụọgụ ahụ na-abawanye 0.7-0.8 U / n'arọ.
A na-abawanye ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ insulin maka ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma n'ihi mmụba nke homonụ na-abawanye na homonụ mmekọahụ na ọbara. N'oge ime ime na semester nke atọ, n'ihi mmetụta nke homonụ nke placental na mmepe nke nguzogide insulin, a na-atụgharịrị ị ofụ ọgwụ ahụ elu.
Maka ndị ọrịa edepụtara insulin, ihe a ga-eme bụ ịhazigharị ọgwụ, na-eburu n'uche usoro shuga ọbara mgbe niile. Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa nke glycemia mgbe ị risịrị nri karịrị ihe a na-agbaso, mgbe ahụ echi ya, ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ insulin na-ebili n'otu akụkụ.
A na-atụ aro ya otu ugboro n'izu ka esepụta mgbanwe nke glucose ọbara, tụọ ya tupu nri ma isi ya, yana tupu ụra. Ihe omuma banyere glycemia kwa ubochi, onu ogugu achịcha riri, uzo insulin injection ga-enyere aka mee ka usoro insulin ghaa were mee ka ahụike onye ọrịa kwụsị ịba.
A kọwara insulin Short na ultrashort action insulin na vidiyo n'isiokwu a.
