Ego ole ka nyocha maka ihe ndị na-egosi ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 na-eri?

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Ọrịa shuga mellitus na-aga n'ihu n'ụka a na-arịa ya na ọtụtụ nsogbu. Iji gbochie ọrịa, ọ dị mkpa iji gaa nyocha ụfọdụ. Iji chọpụta ule dị mkpa, ịkwesịrị ịgakwuru dọkịta ma chọpụta ókè ule maka akara ndị ọrịa shuga na-efu.

Usoro isii nke ọrịa shuga ka a maara. A na-ahụ ihe ga-akpata ihe nketa anya dị ka ngwakọta pụrụ iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

Ihe akara aka nile nke oria nke mbu bu nke immunological, genetic and metabolic.

Nnyocha Ọrịa shuga

Medicallọ ọrụ ahụike ọgbara ọhụrụ na-atụ aro ịnwale maka ọrịa shuga n'ụdị ụfọdụ nke ndị bi. Nke mbu, odi nkpa maka ndi rurula iri-ano n’ise ma obu karia. Ọ bụrụ na nsonaazụ ahụ adịghị njọ, a na-eme nyocha ahụ kwa afọ atọ.

Ndị ọrịa na nwata kwesịrị ịgabiga usoro:

  • ibu oke ibu
  • kerịta kwekọrọ,
  • agbụrụ ma ọ bụ agbụrụ nke otu otu,
  • afọ ime
  • ọbara mgbali elu
  • ịmụ nwa dị ihe karịrị 4.5 n'arọ,
  • nnukwu glycemia na ihe na-enweghị afọ.

Maka nyocha a na-elezighi anya na nke etiti, ọ na-atụ aro iji chọpụta ọkwa nke glucose na haemoglobin A1c. Nke a bụ hemoglobin, ebe enwere njikọ glucose glucose na haemoglobin molecule.

Glycosylated haemoglobin nwere njikọ na glucose ọbara. Ọ na-eme dị ka onye na-egosi ọkwa nke carbohydrate metabolism ọnwa atọ tupu nyocha. Ọnụego nguzobe nke HbA1c dabere na ịdị elu hyperglycemia. Normalization nke ọkwa ya na ọbara na-apụta izu 4-5 mgbe euglycemia gasịrị.

A na-ekpebi ọnụọgụ nke HbA1c ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa iji chịkwaa metabolism ma gosipụta nkwụghachi ya na ndị ọrịa mamịrị na-arịa ọrịa ogologo oge.

Atụmatụ nyocha

Iji mee nchoputa wee rụọ ọrụ nyocha zuru ezu banyere ọrịa, ịkwesịrị ịga ọtụtụ usoro nyocha.

Nke mbu, ihe ndia bu ederede ihe omumu ihe omimi, ya bu ihe omumu nke glucose site n’inyocha mmamiri na obara, yana inyocha ihe banyere ketones na nnabata glucose.

Na mgbakwunye, a na-eme nyocha na:

  1. HbA1c;
  2. fructosamine;
  3. microalbumin;
  4. urinary creatinine;
  5. profaịlụ.

Enwere nyocha ọzọ nke nyocha ọrịa shuga, nke na-eme ka o kwe omume ịchịkwa mmepe nke ọrịa shuga, nkọwa a:

  • C peptide
  • ọgwụ insulin
  • ihe mgbochi maka agwaetiti nke Langengars na tyrosine phosphatase,
  • glutamic acid decarboxylase na-alụ ọgụ,
  • ghrelin, raschistina, leptin, adiponectin,
  • HLA dee akara.

Iji chọpụta pathology ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, ndị dọkịta tụrụ aro ka ha mee nyocha nke shuga na-ebu ọnụ. N’afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, achọpụtara na enwere mmekọrịta n’ụzọ doro anya n’etiti ọkwa shuga dị n’ọbara, ọrịa akwara ndị dị ugbu a na ọkwa mmepe ha; achọpụtaghị ya na shuga na-ebu ọnụ, mana ogo ya na-abawanye mgbe i risịrị nri. A na-akpọ nke a postprandial hyperglycemia.

Enwere ike ikewa akara ndenye ụdị shuga 1 dị ka ndị a:

  1. mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa
  2. immunological
  3. metabolic.

HLA dee akara

Ọrịa shuga mellitus, dabere n'echiche nke ọgwụ ọgbara ọhụrụ, nwere mmalite mmalite, mana ogologo oge latent. A maara usoro nke isii na usoro nke usoro ọmụmụ a. Nke mbụ n’ime ha bụ usoro nke ịkọ ọdịmma ma ọ bụ enweghị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị metụtara ụdị shuga 1.

Okwesiri igosipụta na ọnụnọ nke antigens HLA, karịsịa klas nke abụọ: DR 3, DR 4, DQ, dị mkpa. Ihe ọghọm nke imepụta pathology na nke a na-abawanye ọtụtụ oge. Ugbu a, a na-ahụ ihe ga - eme ka ihe ketara eketa bụrụ ụdị ọrịa mbụ dị iche iche anya dị ka ngwakọta nke ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

Nrịba ama ndị kachasị akọwa maka ụdị 1 bụ ọgwụ nje HLA. A na-ahuta ihe ndi ahu ndi mara bu oria ndi oria 1 n’ime 77% ndi mmadu n’aria oria. 6: nwere otutu ihe anakpoputara iche iche.

Ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na mkpụrụ ndụ Langerhans Islet

N'ihi mmepụta nke autoantibodies na sel nke agwaetiti nke Langerhans, a na-emebi nke ikpeazụ, nke na-eduga n'ịmepụta insulin na -eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na ọdịdị nke onyonyo nke ọrịa 1.

Enwere ike kpebie ụdị usoro a sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ma ọ bụ pụta n'ihi ihe dị iche iche.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị ewu ewu bụ:

  • nje
  • ihe nke ihe ojoo di ndu
  • nsogbu dị iche iche.

Udiri oria mbu bu ndi oria aria mamria n’enweghi oria, o nwere ike rue otutu oge. Ngwakọta na nzuzo nke insulin n'oge a nwere ike igosipụta site na ọmụmụ nke nnabata glucose.

Na ọgwụ, ikpe gbasara nchọpụta nke ụdị ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ afọ asatọ ma ọ bụ karịa tupu akọwapụta onyonyo nke ọrịa ahụ. Ekwesịrị iji nkọwa nke ọgwụ ndị a dị ka nchoputa izizi nke ọrịa shuga 1.

N'ime ndị nwere ụdị ọgwụ mgbochi a, ọrụ islet na-agbadata ngwa ngwa, nke gosipụtara site na imebi insulin insulin. Ọ bụrụ n ’oge ahụ na-emebi kpamkpam, mgbe ahụ, ọrịa nke ọrịa shuga nke ọrịa a dịgasị iche.

Ọtụtụ nnyocha gosiri na ọgwụ ndị a dị na 70% nke ndị zara azịza ụdị ọrịa shuga 1 a chọpụtara n'ọhụụ. N'ime njikwa na-arịa ọrịa shuga, enwere naanị 0.1-0.5% nke ikpe gbasara nchọpụta nke ọgwụ mgbochi.

A pụkwara ịchọta ọgwụ nje ndị a na ndị ikwu nke ndị ọrịa mamịrị. Oftù ndị a nwere atụmanya dị elu nke ọrịa ahụ. Ọtụtụ nnyocha na-egosi na ndị ikwu nwere ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa ahụ na-ebute ụdị oria 1 ka oge na-aga.

Ihe omuma nke udiri udiri oria abuo nke sonyere ihe omumu a. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtala na ịchọpụta ọkwa nke ọgwụ mgbochi ndị a na ndị ọrịa mamịrị na-arịa ụdị ọrịa nke abụọ na-enyere aka ịkọwa ya nke ọma tupu ọrịa ahụ apụta, ma na-eme ka usoro ịgwọ insulin dị. Ya mere, n'ime ndị ọrịa mamịrị nwere ụdị ọrịa nke abụọ, ọ ga - ekwe omume ịkọpụta usoro ọzọ nke ịdabere na insulin homonụ.

A na-ahụ ọgwụ ndị na-egbochi insulin n'ime ihe dị ka 40% nke ndị nwere ọrịa shuga 1. Enwere echiche banyere njikọ dị n'etiti mgbochi maka insulin na ọgwụ mgbochi ụbụrụ sel.

Nke gara aga nwere ike ịbụ na ogbo nke ọrịa shuga na mmalite nke ihe mgbaàmà nke ụdị shuga 1.

Glutamic acid decarboxylase

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtala ọgwụ nje bụ isi, nke a bụ ebumnuche maka ịgwọ ọrịa anụmanụ metụtara njikọ nke ọrịa shuga na-akpata insulin. Ọ bụ decarboxylase nke glutamic acid.

Acid a bụ enzyme nke membrane nke na-eme biosynthesize CNS-gamma-aminobutyric acid. Emere enzyme ahụ na mbụ na ndị nwere nsogbu nke sistem.

Ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na GAD bụ akara kachasị ama maka ịkọwapụta ọnọdụ ala nke ịba. Yabụ, enwere ike ịchọpụta ihe egwu dị elu nke ọrịa shuga 1. Site na usoro a na-akpọ asymptomatic nke ọrịa a, a ga-ahụ ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na GAD n'ime mmadụ afọ asaa tupu oge ngosipụta nke ọrịa ahụ.

A na-ahụta ntụkwasị obi na ihe ọmụma kachasị n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị dịka nyocha oge nke ọtụtụ ihe nrịbama ọbara. Ihe akara 1 na-anọchite anya 20% nke ozi ahụ, akara abụọ na-egosi 44% nke data ahụ, akara atọ na-anọchi anya 95% nke ozi ahụ.

Ihe nrịbaama oria autoimmune

N'ime ndị ọrịa mamịrị, profaịlụ nke autoantibodies dabere na nwoke na nwanyị. Ọgwụ ndị na-egbochi ọgwụ na ọgwụ mgbochi na mkpụrụ ndụ islet, dịka iwu, dị na ụmụaka karịa ka ndị okenye. Ọgwụ ndị a na-ahụ maka glutamic acid decarboxylase, n'ọtụtụ oge, ka a bụ ụmụ nwanyị.

A na - ahụkarị ihe ga - egbochi ụdị ụdị autoantibodies dị iche iche site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe dị iche iche nke sistemụ HLA, n'ihi na mkpụrụ ndụ autointibodies na insulin, sel na islet antigen 2 na - ahụkarị ndị nwere HLA - DR 4 / DQ 8 (DQA 1 * 0301 / DQB 1) * 0302). N'otu oge ahụ, ọgwụ mgbochi mkpịsị gallamic acid decarboxylase dị na ndị nwere HLA genotypes - DR 3 DQ 2 (DQA 1 * 0501 / DQB 1 * 0201).

Otutu udiri anumanu di iche-iche na - adi ndu na ndi oria shuga, ebe ndi nwere oria shuga abia naanwu udiri otu onye.

Ọgwụ ndị a na - ahụ maka glutamic acid decarboxylase dị n'etiti ndị ọrịa mamịrị nwere ọrịa ọrịa mbụ, kamakwa ugboro ugboro enwere ndị nwere ụdị ọrịa nke abụọ.

Mkpebi nke ọgwụ ndị a na-eme ka o kwe omume ịchọpụta ọtụtụ ikpe nke akpaaka, ma ọ bụrụ na nke a bụ naanị akara maka ndị okenye.

Analysis na-eri

Ndị nwere ọrịa shuga na-enyo enyo na-enwekarị mmasị na ọnụahịa nyocha nke ihe ndị na-egosi ọrịa shuga. Enwere ụfọdụ profaịlụ gosipụtara site na ọtụtụ nyocha.

Nnukwu nyocha a na-akpọ “nchịkwa ọrịa shuga” na-agụnye ọbara glukos na nnwale creatinine.

Na mgbakwunye, profaịlụ nwere:

  1. nyocha nke hemoglobin glycated,
  2. triglycerides
  3. mkpokọta cholesterol
  4. HDL cholesterol,
  5. LDL cholesterol,
  6. urinary albumin
  7. homocestein,
  8. Reberg ule,
  9. glucose na mmamiri.

Ọnụ ego nke nyocha a zuru oke dị ihe dị ka puku ise rubles.

Nyochaa gụnyere:

  1. nyocha nke glucose ọbara
  2. hemoglobin glycated.

Ọnụ ego nyocha ahụ bụ ihe ruru 900 rubles.

Ihe nrịbama Autoimmune:

  • ọgwụ mgbochi ọgwụ insulin
  • ihe mgbochi iji ọgwụ tyrosine phosphatase.
  • glutamate decarboxylase ọgwụ mgbochi,
  • ihe mgbochi iji ọgwụ tyrosine phosphatase.

Ntụle dị otú ahụ ga-efu 4,000 rubles.

Nnyocha insulin ga-efu ihe dị ka ruble 450, ihe nyocha C-peptide ga-efu 350 rubles.

Diagnosis n’oge di ime

A na-enyocha glucose ọbara na afọ na-enweghị isi. A ga - akpata egwu site na ngosipụta nke 4.8 mmol / site na mkpịsị aka ya na 5.3 - 6.9 mmol / l sitere na akwara. Tupu ịmalite ime ule, nwanyị ekwesịghị iri nri ihe dị ka awa 10.

Mgbe ị na-ebu nwa ebu n’afọ, a ga-eme nnwale nnabata glucose. Maka nke a, nwanyị na-a 75ụ glucose dị 75 iko n'ime iko mmiri. Mgbe awa 2 gachara, a na-emeghachi nyocha ọbara. Tupu nyocha, ịkwesighi ịmachi onwe gị n'ihe oriri. Ihe oriri kwesịrị ịbụ nke a maara.

Ọ bụrụ na achọpụtara ihe mgbaàmà shuga, ikwesighi ikwugharị dọkịta gị. Chọpụta ọrịa ahụ n'oge mbido na-enyere aka ịkwụsị ọrịa ahụ na mmepe nke nsogbu na-eyi ndụ egwu. Nsonaazụ nyocha ga-abụ nke ziri ezi, maka nke a ịkwesịrị ịgbaso iwu niile nke nkwadebe maka nyocha.

Kedu otu esi achọpụta ọrịa shuga? Ọkachamara ga-agwa ya na vidiyo dị n'isiokwu a.

Pin
Send
Share
Send