Hormone - mmiri ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, nke endocrine glands na-emepụta, na-abanye n'ọbara, ma na-emetụta akwara na akụkụ ahụ. Taa, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwee ike ịchọpụta nhazi nke ọtụtụ ihe dị na homonụ, ma mụta ka esi eme ha.
Na-enweghị homonụ nke pancreas, usoro nke dissimilation na insimilation agaghị ekwe omume, njikọ nke ihe ndị a na-ebu akụkụ akụkụ endocrine. Site na imebi gland, mmadụ na-arịa ọtụtụ ọrịa.
Ọrịa akwara dị n'ime ahụ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke sistem nri, ọ na-arụ ọrụ endocrine na ọgwụ ike. Ọ na - emepụta homonụ na enzymes, na - enweghị nke ọ na - enweghị ike ịchekwa nguzozi nke biochemical n'ime ahụ.
Nri a nwere ihe akwara abụọ, akụkụ nzuzo nke ejikọtara ya na duodenum bụ ọrụ maka ịhapụta enzymes pancreatic. Enzymes kachasị mkpa ekwesịrị ịkpọ lipase, amylase, trypsin na chymotrypsin. Ọ bụrụ na-enwere ụkọ erughi, a na-edenye enzyme nke pancreas, ngwa a dabere na ogo nke imebi.
Ọ bụ sel sel islet na-emepụta mmepụta nke homonụ, akụkụ ahụ nwere ihe karịrị 3% nke mkpo akụkụ ahụ. Agwaetiti Langerhans na - emepụta ihe na - edozi usoro metabolic:
- egbugbu;
- carbohydrate;
- protein.
Ọrịa endocrine dị na akwara na-ebute mmepe nke ọtụtụ ọrịa dị ize ndụ, yana hypofunction ha na-achọpụta ọrịa shuga mellitus, glucosuria, polyuria, na hyperfunction mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa hypoglycemia, oke ibu nke ịdị iche iche. Nsogbu homonụ na-emekwa ma ọ bụrụ na nwanyị ewere ọgwụ mgbochi ogologo oge.
Homonụ nke anụ ahụ
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtala homonụ ndị a na-esochi nke pancreas na-ezo na: insulin, polypeptide pancreatic, glucagon, gastrin, kallikrein, lipocaine, amylin, vagotinin. A na - ekepụta ha niile site na sel islet ma dị mkpa maka nhazi nke metabolism.
Nnukwu homonụ a na-ahụkarị bụ insulin, a na - akpụkọta ya site na nhazi nke proinsulin, ihe dị ka amino asịd 51 na-abanye n’usoro ya.
Ọkpụkpọ ihe dị n’ime ahụ mmadụ n’oge afọ 18 sitere na ọbara mcU / ml dị 3 3 ruo 25. N’ezie insulin nke ukwuu, ọrịa shuga na-amalite.
N'ihi insulin, mgbanwe nke glucose n'ime glycogen amalite, biosynthesis nke homonụ nke ngba nri na-achịkwa, usoro nke triglycerides, oke abụba na-amalite.
Na mgbakwunye, insulin na-ebelata ọkwa nke cholesterol na-emerụ ahụ n'ọbara, na-aghọ prophylactic megide vaskụla atherosclerosis. Ọzọkwa, ịbanye n'ụlọnga na-akawanye mma:
- amino acid;
- macrocells;
- Chọpụta ihe.
Insulin na - akwalite protin biosynthesis na ribosomes, na - egbochi ntụgharị nke shuga site na ihe ndị na - eme carbohydrate, na - ebelata ịta ahụ nke ketone n'ime ọbara na mmamịrị nke mmadụ, ma na - ebelata ikike nke mkpụrụ ndụ maka glucose.
Hormone insulin nwere ike mee ka mgbanwe nke carbohydrates dịkwuo ukwuu na abụba na-esote, ọ bụ ọrụ maka ịkpali ribonucleic (RNA) na deoxyribonucleic (DNA), na-abawanye ụba nke glycogen na-achịkọtara na akwara, akwara anụ ahụ. ihe ahụ anaghị emetụta secretion nke homonụ.
Ọ na - achịkwa mmiri ọgwụ homonụ a na-akpata.
- norepinephrine;
- somatostatin;
- adrenaline
- corticotropin;
- homonụ nke uto;
- glucocorticoids.
N’ihota nchoputa mbu banyere nsogbu nke obria na oria mamellitus, ogwugwo dibia zuru oke iji belata onodu mmadu.
Secrezogide insulin gabiga ókè na-eyi ndị nwoke enweghi ike, ndị ọrịa ụdị okike nwere nsogbu ọhụụ anya, ashma, bronchitis, ọbara mgbali elu, isi nkwọcha, na myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, acne na dandruff yikarịrị.
Ọ bụrụ na -emepụta insulin nke ukwuu, pancreas n’onwe ya na-ata ahụhụ, abụba jujuju ya afọ.
Insulin, glucagon
Iji mee ka usoro metabolic dị n'ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ka ọ were nkwadebe homonụ nke prọkụk. Ekwesịrị iji ha emechi ya anya ka endocrinologist duziri ya.
Insulin
Usoro nhazi homonụ nke prọkụk: nke dị mkpụmkpụ, nke dị ogologo, ma ọ bụ nke ogologo oge .. Dọkịta nwere ike inye gị ọgwụ ụfọdụ insulin ma ọ bụ tụọ ọgwụ maka ha.
Ngosipụta maka nchịkwa insulin na-eme ihe dị mkpirikpi bụ ọrịa shuga na oke shuga n'ọbara, mgbe mbadamba ihe ụtọ adịghị enyere aka. Ego ndị ahụ gụnyere ego Insuman, Rapid, Insuman-Rap, Actrapid, Homo-Rap-40, Humulin.
Ọzọkwa, dọkịta ahụ ga-enye ndị ọrịa ọkara oge insulins: Mini Lente-MK, Homofan, Semilong-MK, Semilent-MS. Enwekwara ndị na-arụ ọrụ ọgwụ ogologo oge: Super Lente-MK, Ultralente, Ultratard-NM Usoro insulin, dịka iwu, dị ogologo ndụ.
Glucagon
A gụnyere homonụ a na ndepụta nke ihe polypeptide ọdịdị, o nwere ihe dị ka amino acid 29 dị iche iche, na mmadụ nwere ahụike, ọkwa glucagon dịgasị n'etiti 25 na 125 pg / ml nke ọbara. A na-ele ya anya dị ka ọgwụ nje insulin.
Usoro ịba ọcha n'anya nke nwere anụmanụ ma ọ bụ insulin na-eme ka ihe mgbochi monosaccharides dị n'ọbara. Glucagon:
- zoo site na pancreas;
- na-emetụta ahụ niile n’ozuzu oke;
- enwekwu nzuzo nke catecholamines site na gland adrenal.
Glucagon nwere ike ịkwalite mgbasa ọbara n'ime akụrụ, mee ka metabolism rụọ ọrụ, na-achịkwa ntụgharị nke ngwaahịa ndị na-enweghị carbohydrate na shuga, ma na-amụba glycemia n'ihi mmebi nke glycogen site na imeju.
Ihe ahụ na - akpali gluconeogenesis, n'ọtụtụ buru ibu na - enwe mmetụta na ịta elektrolytes, na - enwe mmetụta antispasmodic, na - ebelata calcium na site, ma na - amalite usoro nke abụba.
Biosynthesis nke glucagon ga-achọ nnabata nke insulin, secretin, pancreosimine, gastrin na homonụ nke uto. Iji mee ka glucagon pụta, a ga-emerịrị oriri nkịtị, protein, abụba, peptides, carbohydrates na amino acid.
Ọgwụ a tụrụ aro maka ụkọ ihe ka ana-akpọ Glucagon, Glucagon Novo.
Somatostatin, vaso-peptide, polypeptide pancreatic
Somatostatin
Somatostatin bụ ihe pụrụ iche, mkpụrụ ndụ delta nke pancreas na hypothalamus na-emepụta ya.
Homonụ ahụ dị mkpa iji gbochie usoro ndu nke enzymes pancreatic, ọkwa glucagon, na igbochi ọrụ nke homonụ na serotonin homonụ.
Enweghị somatostatin, ọ gaghị ekwe omume iweghara monosaccharides nke ọma site na obere eriri afọ banye n'ọbara, belata mmepụta gastrin, gbochie ọbara n'ọbara, yana oghere akụkụ nke diges.
Peptide Vaso-kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ
A na-ezobe homonụ a neuropeptide site na sel nke akụkụ dị iche iche: azụ na ụbụrụ, obere eriri afọ, pancreas. Ọkwa nke ihe dị n’ọbara dị ezigbo ala, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ naghị agbanwe agbanwe mgbe o risịrị. Isi ọrụ nke homonụ a gụnyere:
- mmegharị ọbara na eriri afọ;
- igbochi mwepụta nke hydrochloric acid;
- osooso nke bile;
- igbochi mmịpụta mmiri site na eriri afọ.
Na mgbakwunye, enwere mkpali nke somatostatin, glucagon na insulin, mwepụta nke mmepụta pepsinogen n'ime sel nke afọ. Na ọnụnọ nke usoro mkpali na pancreas, imebi mmepụta nke homonụ neuropeptide amalite.
Ihe ọzọ mepụtara na gland bụ ọgwụ a na - eme ka ọ dị mma n'anya, mana amụtaghị ihe ọ na-eme n'ahụ. Ntinye uche n’akwara gbasara ahụike mmadụ nwere ike ịdị iche n’agbata 60 ruo 80 pg / ml, imepụta oke na-egosi mmepe nke akpụ akpụ n’ime akụkụ endocrine nke ahụ.
Amylin, lipocaine, kallikrein, vagotonin, gastrin, centropein
Amylin homonụ na - enyere aka bulie oke nke monosaccharides, ọ na - egbochi ntinye nke ụba glucose n'ọbara. A na-egosipụta ọrụ nke ihe ahụ site na mwepu agụụ (mmetụta na-adịghị mma), na-akwụsị mmepụta glucagon, na-akpali nguzobe nke somatostatin, na ịbelata ibu.
Lipocaine na-eme ihe dị na phospholipids, sọks nke faty acids, na-eme ka mmetụta nke Lipotropic ogige pụta ma bụrụ ihe mgbochi nke nbibi nke imeju.
A na-emepụta kallikrein homonụ site na pancreas, mana ọ nweghị ọrụ n'ime ya, ọ na-amalite ịrụ ọrụ naanị mgbe ọ banyesịrị duodenum. Ọ na-ebelata glycemia, belata nrụgide. Iji kpalie hydrolysis nke glycogen na umeji na akwara anụ ahụ, a na-emepụta homonụ nke vagotonin.
Mkpụrụ ndụ gland, gastric mucosa, na homonụ dị ka homonụ na-abawanye acidity nke ihe ọ pancụ pancụ nke pancreatic, na-akpali nguzobe nke pepsin protein nke proteinoto, usoro nri na-edugakwa n'usoro. Ọ na-emekwa ka mmepụta nke peptides eriri afọ, gụnyere secretin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin. Ha dị mkpa maka akụkụ eriri afọ nke mgbaze.
Udiri protein protein nke centropein:
- na-akpali etiti iku ume;
- na-abawanye lumen na bronchi;
- na-eme ka njikọ nke oxygen na haemoglobin nwee mmekọrịta;
- copes ọma hypoxia.
Maka nke a, ụkọ centropein na-ejikọkarị ya na pancreatitis na dysfunction etrectile n'ime ụmụ nwoke. Kwa afọ, a na-emekwa ọtụtụ nhazi nke homonụ na-akpata pụtakarị n’ahịa, a na-eme ngosi ha, nke na-eme ka ọ dịrị ya mfe idozi ụdị mmebi a, na-enwe obere ọgwụ mgbochi.
Homonụ nke ọrịa ụjọ na - enwe oke ọrụ na ịhazi ndụ anụ ahụ, yabụ ịkwesịrị inwe echiche gbasara nhazi nke anụ ahụ, lekọta ahụike gị nke ọma, ma gee ntị nke ọma.
A kọwara ihe banyere ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa pancreatitis na vidiyo ahụ n'isiokwu a.
