Kedu ihe kpatara cholesterol n'ime ahụ mmadụ?

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Onye maara ahụike kwesịrị ịma ihe kpatara choro cholesterol. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na atherosclerosis nwere njikọ a na okwu a, nke a na-eji usoro maka ịbelata oghere nke vaskụla na izụlite cholesterol paịlị, cholesterol ka bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ahụ.

Ngwakọta a na - enwe ike nkwụsi ike nke akpụkpọ ahụ, na - eme ka mmepụta vitamin na homonụ rụọ ọrụ, na - eme ka ọrụ ụjọ ahụ ka mma, na - ewepụ nsí, na - egbochi mmepe nke etuto ahụ dị ala. Can nwere ike ịchọpụta n'ụzọ zuru ezu ma ahụ gị chọrọ cholesterol na ihe a.

Gịnị bụ kọlestrọl?

Cholesterol (sitere na Greek “chole” - bile, “stereos” - solid) bụ ihe mejupụtara ya site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe dị n’ime ụwa anyị, na mgbakwunye na olu, na-abụghị nuklia na osisi.

Nke a bụ polycyclic lipophilic (abụba) nke mmanya na-enweghị ike ịghasasị na mmiri. Enwere ike igbari ya na abụba ma ọ bụ ihe mkpo ahịhịa. Usoro kemịkalụ nke ihe ahụ bụ otu a: C27H46O. Ihe gbazere cholesterol sitere na 148 ruo 150 ogo Celsius, na esi - 360 ogo.

Ihe dị ka 20% nke kọlestrọl na-abanye ahụ mmadụ yana nri, anụ ahụ na -emekwa 80% ahụ, ya bụ akụrụ, umeji, eriri afọ, gland adrenal na gonads.

Isi mmalite nke cholesterol dị ukwuu bụ nri ndị a:

  • ụbụrụ - ihe dị ka 1,500 mg nke ihe n’ime 100 g;
  • akụrụ - 600 mg / 100 g;
  • yolks akwa - 450 mg / 100 g;
  • azu azu - 300 mg / 100 g;
  • bọta - 2015 mg / 100 g;
  • ahihia - 200 mg / 100 g;
  • oporo na akwa - 150 mg / 100g;
  • azu kaapu - 185 mg / 100g;
  • abụba (anụ ehi na anụ ezi) - 110 mg / 100 g;
  • anụ ezi - 100 mg / 100g.

Akụkọ banyere nchọpụta nke ihe a laghachiri na narị afọ nke XVIII, mgbe P. de la Salle na 1769 weputara onyinye sitere na gallstones, nke nwere akụ nke abụba. N’oge ahụ, ọkà mmụta sayensị enweghị ike ikpebi ụdị ihe dị a .aa.

Afọ iri abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, onye France na-egbu mmiri A. Fourcroix weputara cholesterol dị ọcha. Ọkacha mara sayensị nke aha ya bụ Chevreul nyere n'afọ 1815.

Mgbe emesiri na 1859, M. Berthelot choputara otu ulo akwukwo nke ndi ahoụrụma, ọ bụ ya mere eji akpọ ya cholesterol mgbe ụfọdụ.

Gini mere aru ji cholesterol?

Cholesterol bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ ọ bụla.

Isi ọrụ ya bụ ime ka akpụ akpụ ahụ dị. Ihe ahụ mejupụtara bụ akụkụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ ma mee ka o sie ike.

Nke a bụ n'ihi mmụba na njupụta nke mpempe mpempe phospholipid.

Ihe ndia bu ihe ndi n’eme ka ekpughari eziokwu, gini mere anyi choro cholesterol n’aru mmadu:

  1. Ọ na - eme ka ọrụ ụjọ ahụ rụ ọrụ. Cholesterol bụ akụkụ nke akwara akwara, nke a na-eme iji chebe ihe mkpali na mpụga. Ihe a na-ahụkarị gbasara ọrụ gbasara akwara ozi. Ọ bụrụ na n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ, ahụ erughị ala na cholesterol, a na-ahụkarị ihe na-adịghị mma na sistemụ akwara.
  2. Ọ na - arụpụta ọgwụ antioxidant ma na - ewepụ ihe nsị na ahụ. Cholesterol na - echekwa sel ọbara ọbara, sel ọbara ọbara, na - ekpughepụ nsí dị iche iche. A nwekwara ike ịkpọ ya antioxidant, n’ihi na Ọ na-eme ka ahụ mmadụ nwekwuo ike ịlụso nje na ọrịa ọgụ.
  3. Na-esonye na mmepụta nke vitamin na homonụ nwere abụba. Enyere ọrụ pụrụ iche maka ịmịpụta vitamin D, yana homonụ mmekọahụ na steroid - cortisol, testosterone, estrogen na aldosterone. Cholesterol na - ekere òkè na mmepụta vitamin K, nke na - akpata coagulation ọbara.
  4. Na-eme njem nke ihe ndi ozo di ndu. Ọrụ a bụ mbufe ihe n’ime mkpụrụ ndụ.

Ọzọkwa, etinyere na cholesterol na mgbochi nke nguzobe nke etuto ahụ.

N'ihe dịkarịsịrị ala nke lipoproteins, a na-akwụsị usoro nke nbibi nke neoplasms baajiko dị njọ.

Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti HDL na LDL?

Cholesterol anaghị agbaze n'ime ọbara; a na - ebufe ya n'ọbara site na ihe ndị pụrụ iche - lipoproteins. Ekwesịrị igosipụta oke lipoproteins (HDL), nke akpọkwara 'cholesterol' dị mma, yana obere lipoproteins (LDL), ma ọ bụ cholesterol dị njọ.

HDL na-ahụ maka ibugharị egbugbere ọnụ na arịa, akụrụngwa akwara na akwara obi, ebe a na-ahụ ihe na - eme ihe na - eme. Ozugbo n’ime “ebe” a na-eme, kọlestrọl na-agbasa ma wepụ ya n’ahụ. A na-ewere oke lipoproteins dị elu "dị mma" n'ihi abụghị atherogenic (anaghị ebute nhiwe iyuche nke atherosclerotic).

Isi ọrụ nke LDL bụ ịnyefe egbugbere ọnụ site na imeju na akụkụ ahụ niile nke ahụ. Ọzọkwa, enwere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti etiti LDL na nsogbu nke atherosclerotic. Ebe ọ bụ na lipoproteins dị obere irighiri akwara anaghị agbaze n'ọbara, mmụba ha na-eduga n'ịbepụta uto cholesterol na mbadamba mgbidi n'ime akwara.

Ọ dịkwa mkpa icheta ịdị adị nke triglycerides, ma ọ bụ egbugbere ọnụ na-anọpụ iche. Ha bụ usoro nke ọdụdụ ọdụdụ na glycerin. Mgbe ejiri triglycerides tinye cholesterol, a na -emepụta abụba ọbara - ike maka ahụ mmadụ.

Normlesterol dị n'ọbara

Ntughari nsonaazụ nnwale na-enwekarị ihe ngosi dị ka mmol / L. Ule cholesterol kacha ewu ewu bu profaịlụ nke ihe ana-eme. Ọkachamara ahụ depụtara ọmụmụ ihe a maka ọrịa shuga na-enyo enyo, ọrịa obi, akụrụ na / ma ọ bụ nsị imeju, na ọnụnọ nke ọbara mgbali elu.

Oke cholesterol dị n'ọbara abụghị ihe karịrị 5.2 mmol / L. Ọzọkwa, ogo kachasị anabata nke sitere na 5.2 ruo 6.2 mmol / L. Ọ bụrụ na nsonaazụ nyocha ahụ karịrị 6.2 mmol / l, nke a nwere ike igosi ọrịa dị njọ.

Ka ị ghara ịgbagọ nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ a, ọ dị mkpa ịgbaso iwu nke nkwadebe maka nyocha. Amachibidoro ya iri nri awa 9-12 tupu enwere ọbara nnwale, ya mere a na-ebu ya n'ụtụtụ. A ga-ahapụ ịhapụ tii na kọfị ruo nwa oge; ọ bụ naanị mmiri a na-ahapụ ka ọ drinkụọ. Onye ọrịa nke na-a medicationsụ ọgwụ kwesịrị ịgwa dọkịta banyere nke a na-emezughị.

A na-agbakọ ọkwa cholesterol na ndabere nke ọtụtụ egosi - LDL, HDL na triglycerides. A na-egosipụta ntụpọ nkịtị dabere na okike na afọ n’usoro okpuru.

AfọNwoke nwanyiNwoke nwoke
Ole cholesterolLDLHDLOle cholesterolLDLHDL
Afọ ise2.90-5.18--2.95-5.25--
5-10 afọ2.26 - 5.301.76 - 3.630.93 - 1.893.13 - 5.251.63 - 3.340.98 - 1.94
Afọ 10-153.21-5.201.76 - 3.520.96 - 1.813.08-5.231.66 - 3.340.96 - 1.91
15 afọ 15-203.08 - 5.181.53 - 3.550.91 - 1.912.91 - 5.101.61 - 3.370.78 - 1.63
20-25 afọ3.16 - 5.591.48 - 4.120.85 - 2.043.16 - 5.591.71 - 3.810.78 - 1.63
25-30 afọ3.32 - 5.751.84 - 4.250.96 - 2.153.44 - 6.321.81 - 4.270.80 - 1.63
30-35 afọ3.37 - 5.961.81 - 4.040.93 - 1.993.57 - 6.582.02 - 4.790.72 - 1.63
35-40 afọ3.63 - 6.271.94 - 4.450.88 - 2.123.63 - 6.991.94 - 4.450.88 - 2.12
40-45 afọ3.81 - 6.531.92 - 4.510.88 - 2.283.91 - 6.942.25 - 4.820.70 - 1.73
45-50 afọ3.94 - 6.862.05 - 4.820.88 - 2.254.09 - 7.152.51 - 5.230.78 - 1.66
50-55 afọ4.20 - 7.382.28 - 5.210.96 - 2.384.09 - 7.172.31 - 5.100.72 - 1.63
Afọ 55-604.45 - 7.772.31 - 5.440.96 - 2.354.04 - 7.152.28 - 5.260.72 - 1.84
Afọ 60-654.45 - 7.692.59 - 5.800.98 - 2.384.12 - 7.152.15 - 5.440.78 - 1.91
65-70 afọ4.43 - 7.852.38 - 5.720.91 - 2.484.09 - 7.102.49 - 5.340.78 - 1.94
> 70 afọ4.48 - 7.252.49 - 5.340.85 - 2.383.73 - 6.862.49 - 5.340.85 - 1.94

Ihe ndị na-abawanye cholesterol

Mmụba cholesterol dị njọ bụ n'ihi ndụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ ọrịa ụfọdụ.

Ihe kachasị dị ize ndụ nke metabolism na-akpata nsogbu bụ mmepe nke atherosclerosis. A na - eji ihe omumu ihe eji mara mmebi nke akwara ndi mmadu site na oke okwukpo ndi cholesterol.

Ihe ịrịba ama nke mbụ nke ọrịa ahụ na-apụta naanị mgbe mgbochi vaskụla karịrị 50%. Arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ adịghị arụ ọrụ na-eduga n'ọrịa obi obi, ọrịa strok, nkụchi obi na thrombosis.

Onye ọ bụla kwesịrị ịma na ihe ndị a na-ebute mmụba nke LDL n’ọbara, ma ọ bụ cholesterol “ọjọọ”. Ndị a gụnyere:

  • arụ arụrụala, i.e. enweghị mmega ahụ;
  • àgwà ọjọọ - ị smokingụ sịga na / ma ọ bụ ị alcoholụ mmanya;
  • oke ibu, ị constantụ oké mmanya na oke oke ibu;
  • oriri nke ọtụtụ abụba trans, carbohydrates na-adị ngwa ngwa;
  • enweghi vitamin, pectins, eriri, ihe ndi choputara, polyunsaturated acids fatty na aru ihe na aru;
  • nsogbu endocrine dị iche iche - imepụta insulin ọfụma ma ọ bụ, n'ụzọ ọzọ, ọrịa shuga mellitus (insulin-based and non-insulin-dependence), enweghi homonụ thyroid, homonụ mmekọahụ, oke nzuzo nke homonụ adrenal;
  • Nnukwu ọgwụ ụfọdụ, ị alcoholụbiga mmanya ókè na ụfọdụ ọrịa nje;
  • ketara eketa, nke na-egosipụta onwe ya na "familial dyslipoproteinemia";
  • ụfọdụ ọrịa akụrụ na imeju, nke enwere mmebi nke biosynthesis nke HDL.

Ajụjụ a ka kedu ihe microflora eriri afọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa iji kwalite ọkwa cholesterol. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na microflora eriri afọ bụ akụkụ na-arụ ọrụ na metabolism cholesterol, na-agbanwe ma ọ bụ kewaa sterol nke endogenous na exogenous sitere.

Ya mere, enwere ike ịtụle ya otu akụkụ kachasị mkpa nke na-akwado cholesterol homeostasis.

Mgbochi ọrịa obi

Lifestylezọ ndụ ike dị na ya ka bụrụ isi nkwanye na ọgwụgwọ na mgbochi nke ọrịa dị iche iche. Iji mee ka cholesterol dị ọcha, ị ga-agbaso ihe oriri, ọgụ maka arụ ọrụ nke anụ ahụ, dozie ahụ gị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ma kwụsị omume ọjọọ.

Ezi nri kwesiri inwe akwukwo nri, akwukwo ndu na nkpuru osisi. Enyere otu dị mkpa maka mkpo, n'ihi na ha nwere nkpuru osisi pectins di ala 20% na-ebelata cholesterol ọbara. Ọzọkwa, anụ ahụ na-egbu egbu bụ nri anụ na azụ, nri sitere na ntụ ọka, mmanụ nri, na-egbu mmiri na tii. Ekwesịrị ịbelata nsen ọkụkọ na mpekere 3-4 kwa izu. Iri nri ndi di n’elu bu nke cholesterol di elu, aghaghi belata nke ukwuu.

Iji nọgide na-enwe nsị, ị kwesịrị ịme mmega ụtụtụ ma ọ bụ mee ya iwu iji jee ije na ikuku dị mma. Hypodynamia bụ otu n'ime nsogbu nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ na narị afọ XXI, nke a ga-alụ ọgụ. Mmega ahụ na-eme ka uru ahụ dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka ihe mgbochi gharazie ike, na-egbochi ọtụtụ ọrịa na ịka nká. Iji mee nke a, ịnwere ike ịgba bọl, volleyball, ọsọ, yoga, wdg.

Ụ sịga bụ ihe a ga-atụfu ka eburu ụzọ gbochie omume atherosclerosis na ọrịa obi ndị ọzọ.

Okwu esemokwu bụ ị ofụ mmanya na-aba n'anya ụfọdụ. N'ezie, ndepụta a anaghị etinye biya ma ọ bụ vodka. Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara kwenyere na otu iko mmanya mmanya na-acha ọbara ọbara n'oge nri ehihie na-enwe mmetụta dị mma n'ahụ ahụ mmadụ. Mmanya na-egbu egbu na-ebelata ohere ọrịa ọrịa obi na-ebute.

Nowmara ugbua kedu ihe choro cholesterol maka ahụ mmadụ, ọ dị mkpa iji lekọta onwe ya anya. Iwu mgbochi dị n'elu ga - enyere aka zere ọdịda nke metabolism lipid na nsogbu ndị ọzọ.

Banyere ọrụ cholesterol akọwara na vidiyo a n'isiokwu a.

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