Taa, akụkọ ifo nke oke cholesterol na-abawanye ụba n'etiti ndị mmadụ na-enweghị akwụkwọ mmụta ahụike ọkachamara. N'ezie, enwere eziokwu maka nke a: cholesterol dị elu bụ nnukwu ọrịa maka ahụ. Mana cholesterol bụkwa ihe dị mkpa maka idobe homeostasis nke akụkụ ahụ dị ndụ.
Mgbe otutu mmadu nụrụ, banyere ihe egwu di iche iche nke cholesterol, ha na ewepu nri zuru oke site na nri. Ihe mgbochi ndị a na-emetụta ahụ ike. Ọ bụghị onye ọ bụla maara na ihe a na-etinye aka na mkpokọta mkpụkọ sel, na-ekpebi ike ha na ịgbatị ha, na-akwado ụgbọ njem intracellular na extracellular, ma na-ekerekwa òkè na njikọ nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke hormone.
Iri nri cholesterol ịba ụba nwere nri nwere ike ịkpasu mmebi nke metabolism lipid, nke n'ikpeazụ eduga na mmepe nke atherosclerosis.
N'ihe metụtara njiri cholesterol, ilele ọkwa ya mgbe niile, nyocha oge na idozigharị nke usoro dị iche iche chọrọ.
Ọrụ nke cholesterol n'ime ahụ
Site na nhazi nke kemịkal, cholesterol bụ mmanya hydrophobic. Ọ bụ insoluble na mmiri, na n'ihi lipophilicity nwere ike ịbanye site na membranes cell.
Imirikiti cholesterol na - eme n'ime aru, obere akụkụ - abịa na nri.
A na-eji protein ndị na-eji ụgbọ ala ebugharị agbụrụ. Ha nwere ike jide ụmụ irighiri cholesterol ma buru ha ebe ha na-aga. Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ irighiri cholesterol, e kewara protein-lipid na ụdị ndị a:
- npoproteins dị ala (LDL) na njupụta dị ala (VLDL) nwere mmetụta atherogenic akpọpụtara;
- Lipoproteins dị elu ma dị elu (HDL, HDL), na iche, na-enwe ike sachapụ ọbara nke chylomicrons na-emerụ ahụ.
Transportdị ụgbọ njem ndị a nwere oke ịta ahụhụ a. Enweghi ike nyocha na ọnụọgụ ha nwere ike ibute ọrịa usoro.
Ọrụ dị mkpa nke cholesterol n'ime ahụ gụnyere:
- Gbaa mbọ hụ na njikọta nke mgbidi sel na-emezigharị nke ike ya.
- Ntinye na nnabata nke cholecalceferol.
- Ntinye na nhazi nke homonụ steroid nke gland adrenal na homonụ mmekọahụ (androgen, testosterone, estrogen). Site na ụkọ cholesterol, nsogbu ịmụ nwa na ụmụ nwanyị na ikike nwoke.
- Isonye na njikọ nke bile.
- Ntinye aka na njikọ nke njikọta akwara na synapses akwara.
Mbibi nke cholesterol na ọkwa lipoprotein bụ ihe mgbaàmà nke metabolism metabolism na-emetụta. Mmụba dị ogologo nke cholesterol na-eduga na mmepe nke atherosclerosis na ngosipụta ya niile nke ụlọ ọgwụ.
Ihe ojoo cholesterol na aru ya
Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụwa, ihe kpatara ọnwụ bụ ọrịa obi. Atherosclerosis nwere oke oke n'etiti ọrịa niile nke obi na akwara ọbara.
A na-etinye Lipoproteins na molesterol nke cholesterol n'efu na mgbidi nke endothelium ma kee ngwugwu cholesterol.
Atherosclerosis na-etolite mgbe mbadamba nkume na-etolite na mgbidi vaskụla, nke mgbe obere oge gasịrị malitere ịba ụba ma na-agbakọta nnu ndị a na-etinye calcium.
Enwere arịa ahụ, ụdọ na - agbanwe agbanwe, nke na - eduga na - ezuru anụ ahụ na - enye ọbara ihe ezughị ezu.
Enwere ụdị atherosclerosis abụọ: etiti na mpaghara. N’ime ihe dị n’ime, akwara akwara akwara nke obi na-esonye n’usoro a na-efegharị, yana usoro ịgbatị, akwara akwara niile nke ahụ.
N'ime usoro dị n'etiti, enwere mgbe ọ na-emebi ọbara ọgbụgba myocardial, yabụ enwere nnukwu ọrịa obi na-arịa.
Ọ bụrụ na emebi emebi ihe ncheta nke atherosclerotic, arụ ọrụ ọbara ọbara na-arụ ọrụ. A na-amalitepụta ihe mmeghachi omume ụfọdụ akọwapụtara na-eduga n'ọdịda ọbara. Mgbe akwara nke ukwu nke thrombus, thrombus nwere ike ịpụ ma thromboembolism nwere ike ime.
Ebe ọ bụ na arịa ahụ arịa dị nkịrịka, ọ bụghị ihe ọhụrụ ka atherosclerosis mebie na ntụpọ nke akwara ndị na akwara ọbara.
Ihe mgbaàmà nke metabolism abụba
Nsonaazụ cholesterol n'ahụ bụ naanị n'ihi na ọ gafere oke itinye uche ya na ọbara. Mmebi ụdị ihe ahụ na-apụta na ndakpọ metabolic. A na-enwekarị ikpe mgbe mgbanwe ndị dị otú ahụ adịghị emetụta ọdịdị nke nri mmadụ.
Mgbanwe nke cholesterol kwesịrị ekwesị bụ n'ihi mmebi nke metabolism nke abụba. N'ọtụtụ oge, ọnụọgụ cholesterol ndị a na-egosi atherosclerosis. Ma enwere otutu onodu mgbe cholesterol bilitere na oria ndia:
- Ọrịa imeju, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịba ọcha n'anya, ịba ọcha n'anya nke iche-iche, ọrịa ịba ọcha n'anya, wdg;
- Ọrịa akụrụ, sistem na usoro urinary metabolism: ọdịda akụrụ, amyloidosis nke akụrụ, gout;
- Ọrịa pancreatic: pancreatitis, tumo, pancreatic necrosis;
- usoro nke usoro metabolism: ọrịa shuga;
- arụ ọrụ nke thyroid na-ebelata;
- oke ibu na oke ibu, n'ihi mbibi nke imebi abụba.
Ihe ịrịba ama nke mbu nke atherosclerosis na-etolite n'ihi stenosis nke arịa akwara ndị dị na uto nke atherosclerotic plaques, yana ọbara ọgbụgba n'ime ahụ na anụ ahụ.
Isi ihe mgbaàmà gụnyere:
- Ọrịa obi. N’adighi ike, akwara obi bu ọrịa obi na-aputa ihe kariri site na angina pectoris. Ọrịa ahụ megidere ndabere nke atherosclerotic gbanwere arịa ọbara ọgbụgba. Ihe mgbaàmà bụ obere oge mgbu dị mkpụmkpụ na obi dị n'azụ sternum na nzaghachi maka nrụgide anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke mmetụta uche. Ewepu mwakpo site na enyemaka nke nitroglycerin.
- Dyspnea bu kwa ihe ama ama nke oria ischemic.
- Mmebi nke n'afọ iri na ụma nke ọrụ gbasara ọrụ.
- Cyanosis nke mpaghara akụkụ ahụ na acrocyanosis.
- Uwe.
- Mgbu n'ime ụkwụ mgbe ị na-eje ije, nke a na-akpata site na iwepụ ọrịa endarteritis.
- Nmebi nke ihe ndi ozo di iche iche: nlebara anya, ebe nchekwa, okwu, wdg. Ọrụ CNS na-aka njọ na mmebi nke akwara ụbụrụ, hypoxia ụbụrụ na-adịghị ala ala na-amalite, mkpụrụ ndụ na-anwụ. Na ngwụcha, etolite dementia nke vaskụla bidoro.
Na mgbakwunye, nguzo nke xanthomas na xanthelasma (mkpokọta oke egbugbere ọnụ n’okpuru anụ ahụ) bụ akara nke ọgba aghara metabolism.
Ngwọta ọgwụ cholesterol
Ahịa ọgwụ na-egosi ọtụtụ ọgwụ nke na-emetụta ọkwa lipids ọbara. Edere ọgwụ ọgwụ ọgwụ mgbe enweghị mmetụta nke ụzọ mgbazi ọgwụ adịghị.
Na enweghị mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ na-abụghị ọgwụ, edepụtara otu ọgwụ ọgwụ ndị a:
- Statins, usoro nke ihe bụ imechi njikọta cholesterol na hepatocytes site na igbochi enzymes ụfọdụ. Ikwesiri iwere ha otu ugbo kwa ubochi, na mgbede. A na-ahụta nzaghachi ụlọ nyocha dị egwu izu ole na ole site na mmalite ọgwụgwọ. O nwere otutu nsogbu ya: ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ, ihe mgbu epigastric oge, myalgia. Statins belata cholesterol ihe kariri ọkara. Ogologo oge nchịkwa nke ọgwụ statin chọrọ nlebara anya nke enzymes imeju ọ dịkarịa ala otu ugboro n'ọnwa isii. Ndị nnọchi anya otu a bụ atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, wdg.
- Fibrates. Otu ọgwụ a nwere usoro iche iche kpamkpam. Ihe ngosiputara maka ojiji ha abughi nani mmụba nke cholesterol, kamakwa uto nke triglycerides. Ha nwere ike iwelite elu nke antipoherogenic lipoproteins n'ọbara ọbara. Amachibidoro iji ya na otu statins amachibidoro iwu. Mgbe ejikọtara ha, ha na-emetụta eriri afọ, na-eme ka ọgbụgbọ ọgbụgba, ọgbụgbọ, mgbu. N'ime omume ụlọ, a na-eji clofibrate, fenofibrate na gemfibrozil site na otu nke fibrates.
- Ndị na - eme usoro nke bile acids. Uru otu ọgwụ a bara bụ na enweghị regoration na sistemụ sistemụ. Ihe ndị a na-enwe ike ibuso ya na acid bile, ma jụta ụmụ irighiri cholesterol. N'ime imeju, a na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ dị mma, n'ihi na a na-eji kọlejiol dị elu. Mmetụta ọgwụgwọ na-apụta mgbe ọnwa gasịrị site na mmalite ọgwụ. Njikọ ọgwụ na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ ga-ekwe omume. A naghị atụ aro ka ị theụọ ọgwụ ahụ ogologo oge, n'ihi mmebi nke metabolism lipid. Onye ama ama nke ndi otu ihe a bu cholestyramine.
- Cholesterol reuptake inhibitors. Ọgwụ ndị a anaghị ekwe ka cholesterol banye na mgbidi eriri afọ.
A na-etinye usoro ndị a kapịrị ọnụ nke dọkịta nyere ya n'ihi nsonaazụ ndị ọ bụla.
Alternzọ ndị ọzọ nke ịgwọ ọrịa atherosclerosis
Alternzọ usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ bụ usoro kachasị mma nke usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ na usoro ọgwụgwọ dị elu ma ọ bụ nke isi na mbido ọrịa ahụ.
Ha na-emetụta ọ bụghị naanị cholesterol na lipoproteins, kamakwa mmegide nke anụ ahụ na ọrụ nke nzaghachi mgbochi ahụ.
Mmetụta ndu ha sitere na mkpali na ahụ nke ndị agha nke ya iji lụso mmebi nke homeostasis, yana ọ na-enwe mmetụta na mkpụrụ ndụ nke lipids "na-emerụ ahụ".
Ọgwụ ọdịnala n'ọgụ megide atherosclerosis gụnyere:
- nhazi nicotinic acid, ma ọ bụ vitamin PP, oriri a na-eme mgbe nile nke na-ebelata ogo nke liheidsic libids, TAG, na ọkwa nke antiatherogenic lipids na-abawanye;
- Omega-3,6 abụba bara uru, nke na-eme ka ọnọdụ ahụ dum ka arụ ọrụ, belata cholesterol dị ala, na-eme ka ọbara na-aga n'ihu, na-ewusi endothelium ike; ị regularụ mmiri mgbe niile na -ebe onwu site na ọrịa obi
- tocopherol, ma ọ bụ vitamin E, bụ ọgwụ na-egbochi usoro oxidative na sel, yana na-egbochikwa iberibe paịlịclerotic;
- tii akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere ọtụtụ ọgwụ phytoncides na-arụ ọrụ, nke nwere ike belata ọrụ nke thrombosis, ma na-emetụtakwa ọkwa nke nrụgide sistemụ;
- galik, n'ihi ọdịnaya dị elu nke ihe ndị na-eme ihe ike, nwere ike melite ogo nke rheological nke ọbara ma gbochie ịmalite ịmịnye ọbara;
- soy na-egbochi njikọ nke libids atherogenic, ma na-emekwa ka mmepụta nke bile acids, nke na-eme ka ojiji nke cholesterol site na ahụ ya;
- Vitamin B na - eme ka akụkụ ụbụrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ myocardial.
N'inwe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke cholesterol na liheprotiins atherogenic, a na-atụ aro onye ọrịa ahụ ka ọ mezie usoro obibi ndụ. Ọ dị mkpa ịmalite iri nri ziri ezi ma nyochaa nri gị. E mezikwara mmega ahụ kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ.
Uru ha dabere na ebudata ala shuga na abụba n'efu n'ihi nnukwu ume nke myocardium.
Ihe na - emetụta Cholesterol
N'ịghọta ka kọlestrọl dị elu na-emetụta ọdịmma mmadụ n'ozuzu ya na ogo ndụ, ọtụtụ ndị ga-achọ ịgbanwe ụzọ ndụ ha n'ụzọ dị oke egwu. Nzọụkwụ a bụ ihe kachasị mkpa ma dị oke mkpa na ọgwụgwọ nke atherosclerosis.
Nke a bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa atherosclerosis ebiwo ụdị ndụ na-ezighi ezi. Ihe bụ isi mgbochi nke ọrịa obi bụ mmegharị oge a na-ebi ebi.
Ihe ndị a nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmepe nke ọnya anụ ahụ atherosclerotic:
- mẹ ndu ishi;
- oke ibu na oke ibu;
- ise anwụrụ;
- ịba ụba na nri nke nri nwere nnukwu abụba juru afọ na carbohydrates na-agbari ngwa ngwa;
- mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa;
- atụmatụ afọ;
- ụdị shuga 2;
- mmekọ nwoke na nwoke.
Rectionghazi ndu ndu n’egosiputa ihe kachasi ike n’otu onwa site na nmalite nke nri oma na odi mma.
Mmega ahụ na-eme ka ahụike dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka ahụ sie ike, na-eme ka ọrụ metabolic dịkwuo elu. Ọzụzụ mgbe nile na - ebelata oke oxygen myocardial, na - enye obara dị mma site na akwara obi. Ndụ ezi ahụ ike bụ isi ihe maka ahụ ike nke sistem.
Otu cholesterol si emetụta ahu n’ozuzu ya ka onye okacha mara n’igwe vidiyo n’isiokwu a ga-akọwa ya.
