Ọgwụ dị irè maka ịgwọ ụdị ọrịa shuga 2

Njirimara nke ichekwa ogwu oria shuga

Nke mbu, ana enye ogwu ogwu nke nwere oke ume hypoglycemia nke oma: biguanides, gliptins, incretins. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ na-arịa oke oke ibu na ọbara mgbali elu, ọgwụ ndị dị na ya ka mma karịa - ha nwere ike belata ibu ma hazie nrụgide.

Usoro nke nhọpụta nke biguanides: dose mbụ nke metformin bụ 500 mg 2-3 ugboro kwa ụbọchị mgbe nri gasịrị. Mmụba a na-esote ga-ekwe omume ihe dị ka izu abụọ mgbe ebidochara usoro ọgwụgwọ. Usoro kasịnụ kwa ụbọchị nke ọgwụ a agaghị agafe 3000 mg. Mmụba nwayọ nwayọ bụ n'ihi eziokwu na enwere nsonaazụ ndị ọzọ dị nta site na eriri afọ.

Gliptins: ọgwụ maka ọrịa shuga nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ, a na-ewere 1 mbadamba (25 mg) kwa ụbọchị, n'agbanyeghị nri oriri.

Na mgbede: ọgwụ ọgwụ nke otu a ka a gosipụtara n’ụdị edozi isi maka ịgba ntụtụ. A na-achịkwa ha ugboro 1 ma ọ bụ ugboro abụọ kwa ụbọchị, dabere n'ọgbọ ahụ.

Ọ bụrụ na monotherapy enye nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma, a na-eji njikọ ndị a na - ejikọ hypoglycemic.

1. Metformin + Gliptins.
2. Incretins + metformin.
3. Nkwadebe Metformin + sulfonylurea.
4. Glinides + metformin.

Nchikota abuo mbu mbu nwere obere obara nke hypoglycemia, ibu di n’elu ha ka nogide.

Usoro nke ichota nkwadebe sulfonylurea: ọ dabere na ọgbọ ọgwụ ahụ. A na - a drugsụ ọgwụ ọ 1ụ 1ụ oge 1 kwa ụbọchị n'ụtụtụ. Site na mmụba nke usoro onunu ogwu, enwere ike kee ụzọ ndị ahụ n'ụtụtụ na anyasị.

Usoro ọrụ ụrọ: Otu njiri mara iji ọgwụ ndị a bụ na ọgwụ ndị otu a ka ejidere na iri nri ma buru ya ozugbo. A na - ewerekarị mbadamba mbadamba ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị.

Alfa Glucosidase Ndị na-egbochi: A na-ahụta ịdị irè nke ị medicationsụ ọgwụ naanị naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ị were mbadamba ọgwụ ozugbo tupu nri. Mkpụrụ mbụ nke 50 mg na-a drunkụ mmanya ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị. Nkezi onunu ogwu kwa ubochi bu 300 mg. Ihe kachasị bụ 200 mg ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, mee ka ọgwụ a dị elu ka ọ gachara izu 4-8.

Thiazolidinediones: a na-a drugsụ ọgwụ ọgwụ 1-2 ugboro n’ụbọchị, dabere n’ọgbọ. Oge nri anaghị emetụta arụmọrụ ha. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, mụbaa usoro onunu ogwu, ọ na-abawanye mgbe ọnwa 1-2 gachara.

Ndepụta ọgwụ ọgwụ na-adị ala

Dọkịta na-ahọrọ ụfọdụ ọgwụ ọgwụ, na-eburu n'uche njirimara nke onye ahụ: ọrịa na-emegharị ọnụ, ọnụnọ nke oke ibu, nsogbu na CVS, nri, wdg.

Biguanides

N'ime ọgwụ niile dị na otu a, usoro methylbiguanide, metformin nwetara akasị ewu ewu. A na-egosi ya ụzọ o si arụ ọrụ n'ụdị mbelata imeju glucose site na umeji yana mbelata nkwụghachi insulin site na akwara na anụ ahụ.

Isi ihe na - arụ ọrụ bụ metformin. Nkwadebe dabere na ya:

• Merifatin;
• Indị ogologo;
• Glyformin;
• Ogbe ndi ozo
• Glucophage;
• Siofor;
• Diaformin.

Uru isi:

• emetụtakwala ma ọ bụ belata ịdị gị n’arụ;
• enwere ike ijikọ ya na ụdị mbadamba ihe ndị ọzọ nke ndị na - ahụ ike hypoglycemic;
• nwere obere ọrịa hypoglycemia;
• emepụtachaala nzuzo insulin nke onwe ha;
• belata ihe ize ndụ ụfọdụ ọrịa obi;
• jiri nwayọ ma ọ bụ gbochie mmepe nke ọrịa shuga na ndị nwere metabolism metabolism na-arịa ya;
• eri.

Ọghọm:

• na - ebute nsogbu ndị sitere na eriri afọ, ya mere, edere ya na nke mbụ na obere doses;
• nwere ike ibute lactic acidosis.

Contraindications:

• Nkwenye na nri kalori (erughị 1000 kcal kwa ụbọchị).
• Ihe nfụkasị ahụ na-emetụta akụkụ ọ bụla.
• Nsogbu imeju, gụnyere ịhoụ mmanya.
• Veredị siri ike gbasara akụrụ na nkụjọ obi.
• Oge ime.
• Afọ ụmụaka ruru afọ iri.

Sulfonylureas

Mainzọ kachasị arụmọrụ bụ ịkpalite nzuzo nke insulin nke mmadụ. Isi ihe dị na ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ maka ụdị shuga 2 nke ndị otu a bụ:

1. Gliclazide. Aha ahia: Golda MV, Gliclad, Diabetalong, Glidiab. Diabeton MV, Diabefarm, Diabinax.
2. Glimepiride: Instolit, Glaim, Diamerid, Amaril, Meglimid.
3. Glycidone: Yuglin, Glurenorm.
4. Glipizide: Glibenez retard.
5. Glibenclamide: Statiglin, Maninil, Glibeks, Glimidstad.

Drugsfọdụ ọgwụ nwere ụdị ogologo - akpọrọ dị ka MV (weputara ntọhapụ) ma ọ bụ azụ. Emere nke a iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ mbadamba kwa ụbọchị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Glidiab MV nwere 30 mg nke ihe ahụ ma were ya otu ugboro kwa ụbọchị, ọbụlagodi na ọnụọgụ ahụ na-abawanye, yana Glidiab - 80 mg, a na-ekekọrịta ịnabata n'ụtụtụ na anyasị.

Isi uru otu a bụ:

• mmetụta ọsọ ọsọ;
• belata ihe ize ndụ nke nsogbu vaskụla nke ọrịa shuga 2;
• eri.

Ọghọm:

• ihe egwu nke ịrịa hypoglycemia;
• ahụ ga - eme ka ahụ ha ngwa ngwa - nguzogide na - amalite;
• ikekwe abawanye n’arụ ahụ;
• nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ maka nsogbu na usoro akwara.

Contraindications:

• Ọrịa shuga ;dị 1;
• afọ ụmụaka;
• oge ime na lactation;
• nke ahu anataghi na sulfonamides na sulfonylureas;
• eriri afọ eriri afọ;
• ketoacidosis, precoa arịa ọrịa shuga na coma.

Ndi nile

Nke a bụ aha a na-ahụkarị maka homonụ na-akpali imepụta insulin. Ndị a gụnyere gluptagon-dị ka peptide-1 (GLP-1) yana glucose-polyulinptide insulinotropic (HIP). A na - emepụta ọgwụ ndị na - agbanwe agbanwe na - egbochi ihe oriri ma na - arụ ọrụ naanị nkeji ole na ole. Maka ndị nwere ọrịa shuga, a na-echepụta ihe eji eme ihe (na-esite na mpụga), nke nwere ọrụ toro ogologo.

Ofzọ emereme nke glucagon-dị ka peptide-1 receptor agonists:

• Nlekọta glucose na-emetụta glucose.
• Mbelata glucagon zoro ezo.
• Mbelata glucose mepụtara site na imeju.
• Nri a na-eme ka afọ ju ime nwayọ, na -ebelata iri nri na ịta ahụ.

Ihe aru oru na ogwu ndi n’eme ka ndu nke GLP-1 puta:

1. Ibepu: Byeta.
2. Liraglutide: Victoza, Saxenda.

Uru:

• nwere otu mmetụta dị ka GLP-1 nke ya;
• na-emegide ihe ndabere nke ngwa, mbelata nke ahụ ya na-apụta;
• haemoglobin glycated na-ebelata.

Ọghọm:

• enweghi ụdị mpempe mbadamba, ọgwụ na-abanye;
• ihe egwu di elu nke hypoglycemia;
• mmetụta ndị na-esote ya na eriri afọ;
• eri.

Contraindications:

• Ọrịa shuga ;dị 1;
• oge ime na lactation;
• anabataghị ihe ọ bụla n’ime ihe mejupụtara ya;
• afọ ụmụaka.

Gliptins

N ’sayensi, a na-akpọ ha IDPP-4 ma ọ bụ pịnye 4 dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors. Soro n’otu n’otu, ma ha zuru oke. A na-ekpebi usoro nke ime ihe site na osooso nke mmepụta nke homonụ nke eriri afọ ya, nke na-akpali njikọ nke insulin na pancreas dabere na ịta shuga. Ha na - ejikwa glucose na - agbadata usoro glucagon ma belata imeju glucose site na imeju.

E nwere ọtụtụ ihe na nkwadebe ha:

1. Sitagliptin: Januvius, Yasitara, Xelevia.
2. Vildagliptin: Galvus.
3. Saxagliptin: Onglisa.
4. Linagliptin: Trazenta.
5. Alogliptin: Vipidia.

Uru:

• ihe ọghọm nke hypoglycemia;
• emetụtakwala ahụ gị n’ahụ;
• na-akpali ịmụgharị anụ ahụ, nke na-eme ka ọrịa shuga nwee nwayọ nwayọ;
• dị na ụdị mbadamba.

Cons:

• enweghị nchekwa data nchekwa echekwara maka iji ogologo oge;
• eri.

Contraindications:

1. Oge nke ime na lactation.
2. Ọrịa shuga 1dị 1.
3. Ọrịa mamịrị ketoacidosis.
4. Afọ ụmụaka.

Ndị na-egbochi Alfa Glucosidase

Mainzọ kachasị arụ bụ ime ka nnabata carbohydrates dị na eriri afọ. Ihe nwere ike imeghari ọrụ nke enzymes na-akpata nbibi nke disaccharides na oligosaccharides na glucose na fructose na lumen nke obere eriri afọ. Na mgbakwunye, ha anaghị emetụta mkpụrụ ndụ akwara.

Otu a gụnyere acarbose ihe, nke bụ ọgwụ Glucobay.

Morees nke ọgwụ:

• emetụtaghị ibu ibu;
• ihe egwu dị ala nke hypoglycemia;
• na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ịmalite ịrịa ọrịa shuga 2 na ndị nwere nsogbu glucose;
• na-ebelata ihe ọghọm nke ọrịa obi.

Cons:

• mmetụta ndị na-esote ya na eriri afọ;
• arụmọrụ dị ala karịa ihe ndị ọzọ na - enye ọnya hypoglycemic nke ọnụnụ;
• nnabata ugboro ugboro - ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị.

Isi contraindications:

1. Oge nke ime na lactation.
2. Afọ ụmụaka.
3. Ihe nfụkasị ahụ na-emetụta akụkụ ọ bụla nke ọgwụ ahụ.
4. Ọrịa afọ.
5. Formdị siri ike gbasara akụrụ.

Glinids

Otu ihe eji eme ihe bu mkpali nke imeputa insulin. N’adịghị ka ìgwè ọgwụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ, ha na-eme ka mmụba nke insulin na nkeji iri na ise mbụ ka e risịrị nri, n'ihi nke “ọnụ ọgụgụ” dị n'ọbara glucose ọbara na-ebelata. Ntinye uche nke homonụ n’onwe ya na-alaghachikwa na uru mbụ ya ruo elekere 3-4 mgbe emesịrị ikpeazụ.

Ihe mbu na ogwu bu:

1. Na-atụgharị. Aha ahia: Iglinid, Diclinid, NovoNorm.
2. Otu: Starlix.

Uru otu:

• ọsọ nke ihe na mbido ọgwụgwọ;
• enwere ike iji ndị mmadụ na-eri nri na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe;
• ịchịkwa hyperglycemia postprandial - mgbe ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara bilitere mgbe nri nkịtị ruo 10 mmol / l ma ọ bụ karịa.

Ọghọm:

• uru dị arọ;
• Ekwenyeghi nchekwa nke ọgwụ iji ogologo oge;
• ugboro ole eji ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ nri;
• eri.

Contraindications:

• umuaka na isi umuaka;
• oge ime na inye nwa ara;
• Ọrịa shuga ;dị 1;
• ọrịa mamịrị ketoacidosis.

Thiazolidinediones

Aha ha nke ozo bu glitazone. Ha bụ otu ihe na - eme ka anụ ahụ nwee insulin, nke a bụ, belata nguzogide insulin. Usoro nke ime ihe bụ iwelie ojiji glucose na imeju. N'adịghị ka usoro sulfonylurea, ọgwụ ndị a anaghị akpali mmepụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ beta nke pensụl site na insulin.

Isi ihe na nkwadebe ha bu:

1. Pioglitazone. Aha ahia: Pioglar, Diab-Norm, Amalvia, Diaglitazone, Astrozone, Pioglit.
2. Rosiglitazone: Avandia.

Uru ndi mmadu

• ihe ọghọm nke nsogbu akwara;
• ihe ọghọm nke hypoglycemia;
• mmetụta nchebe megide mkpụrụ ndụ beta nke pancreas;
• belata ihe egwu nke ibute ọrịa shuga indị nke Abụọ na ndị ebutere ya ọrịa;
• mbelata nke triglycerides na mmụba nke ụba lipoproteins dị n'ọbara.

Ọghọm:

• uru dị arọ;
• ọpupu nke akụkụ nsọtụ na - apụtakarị;
• ihe egwu nke okpukpo okpukpo tubular nke nwanyi na-abawanye;
• mmetụta ahụ na-amalite nwayọ;
• eri.

Contraindications:

• ọrịa imeju
• Ọrịa shuga ;dị 1;
• ọrịa mamịrị ketoacidosis;
• oge ime na inye nwa ara;
• oke obi ike;
• afọ ụmụaka;
• edema nke mmalite ọ bụla.

Insdị insulin nke 2 na-arịa ọrịa shuga

Ha na-anwa ịghara idebanye insulin nke ikpeazụ - na mbụ ha jikwaa na mbadamba mbadamba. Ma oge ụfọdụ inje insulin na-adị mkpa ọbụna na mmalite ọgwụgwọ.

Ihe egosi:

1. Nchoputa mbu nke oria oria abuo, mgbe ihe otite gemoclobin di> 9% ka ekpuputara ihe iriba ama nke nmebi.
2. Enweghi mmetụta ọ bụla mgbe ị na-edepụta ogo ọgwụ kachasị ike nke ọgwụ mbre okpukpo.
3. Ọnụnọ nke contraindications na akpọpụta mmetụta ndị sitere na mbadamba ihe.
4. Ketoacidosis.
5. Ntughari oge oge enwere ike mgbe mmadu na-eche ogwugwo ma obu iwe ya nke ufodu oria aputaputala, nke neme ka metabolism metabolism di ike.
6. Ime ime (n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ).

Nkwadebe maka mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke nsogbu

Ọgwụ shuga dị ebe dị anya site n’aka naanị ndị ọrịa shuga chọrọ. E nwere ọtụtụ ọgwụ ọgwụ na-enyere aka na-echekwa ahụike, gbochie nsogbu shuga 2, ma ọ bụ na-agwọ ndị dị adị. Na-enweghị ọgwụ ndị a, ogo ndụ nwere ike ịka nke ukwuu.

Ọgwụ antihypertensive

Ọbara mgbali elu yana ọrịa shuga agwakọ ngwakọta nke na - egbu egbu - ihe ọghọm nke nkụchi obi, ọrịa strok, ikpu ìsì na nsogbu ndị ọzọ dị ize ndụ na-abawanye. Iji belata ohere nke mmepe ha, a na-amanye ndị ọrịa mamịrị jiri nlezianya nyochaa nrụgide ha karịa ndị ọzọ.

Otu antihypertensive:

1. Ihe mgbochi Calcium.
2. Ihe mgbochi ACE.
3. Diuretics.
4. Beta igbochi.
5. Ihe mgbochi Angiotensin-II.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, na-arịa ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, a na-edenye ndị na-egbochi ACE. Otu a gụnyere:

• Burlipril;
• Diroton;
• Captopril;
• Zokardis;
• Amprilan.

Ọnọdụ

Ha bụ otu ihe na - enyere aka belata lapoproteins dị ala na cholesterol dị ala. E nwere ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke statins:

1. Lovastatin, Simvastatin, Pravastatin.
2. Fluvastatin
3. Atorvastatin.
4. Pitavastatin, Rosuvastatin.

Ọgwụ nke ihe arụ ọrụ ya bụ atorvastatin:

• Liprimar;
• Torvacard
• Atoris.

Dabere na rosuvastatin:

• Crestor
• Roxer;
• Rosucard.

Ezi mmetụta nke statins:

• Mgbochi ọbara egbochi mkpụkọ nke ọbara.
• Meziwanye ọnọdụ nke oghere ọnya nke akwara ọbara.
• Ihe ọghọm nke ịmalite nsogbu ischemic, infarction myocardial, ọrịa strok na ọnwụ n'ihi ha na-ebelata.

Alfa Lipoic (Thioctic) Acid

Ọ bụ ihe nnọchianya nke metabolic na antioxidant endogenous. Ejiri ya mezie metabolism nke metabolism, na-akpali metabolism. Ihe ahụ na - enyere aka belata mkpụkọ glucose n'ime ọbara, mee ka glycogen nwee umeji ma merie nguzogide insulin.

Ọgwụ ọjọọ na-esite na ya nwere mmetụta ọma ndị a:

1. Hepatoprotective.
2. Ọrịa hypoliplera.
3. Hypocholesterolemic.
4. Hypoglycemic.
5. Trophy nke neurons na-akawanye mma.

Ọgwụ Thioctic acid dị n'ụdị ọgwụ dị iche iche na usoro ntọhapụ. Tradefọdụ aha azụmaahịa:

• Mkpụkpu;
• Thiogamma;
• Tiolepta;
• Oktolipen.

Ndị ọrịa mamịrị na-a drugsụ ọgwụ ndị a maka polyneuropathy - ọnwụ nke uche n'ihi mbibi akwara ozi, ọkachasị n'ụkwụ.

Neuroprotector

Neuroprotectors bụ ngwakọta nke ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche, ebumnuche nke ya bụ iji chebe neurons ụbụrụ pụọ na mmebi, ha na-enwe ike imetụta metabolism dị mma, melite ike nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara ma chebe ha pụọ ​​n'ihe ndị na-eme ihe ike.

Ofdị neuroprotector:

1. Ndị Nootropics.
2. Antioxidants.
3. Adaptogens.
4. Ihe osisi.

Ndị mmadụ nwere ụdị shuga 2, a na-eji ọgwụ ọgwụ ndị a eme ihe, bụ́ ndị a na-achọpụta ọrịa mamịrị ma ọ bụ encephalopathy hypoglycemic. Ọrịa na - ebilite n'ihi ọrịa metabolic na vaskụla n'ihi ọrịa shuga.