Enwere ọtụtụ nuances n’isiokwu a, ha na-ebido n’ajụjụ banyere mkpa ọ dị ịmụ glucose na nnwale ọbara biochemical, banyere ịdị adị nke ndị na-egosi glucose, wee kwụsị n’onwe ya - gbasara ịzụta glucose akọrọ maka ule nnabata glucose (maka nnwale shuga ọbara na ibu).
N’echegbu onwe ya na enweghi ike ime nwatakịrị a ọmụmụ ọkwa shuga n’otu oge n’otu ihe omume KLA (nyocha ọbara niile), iwepụta ya nwere ike iwe oge dị ukwuu, nke agaghị m achọ imefu na nleta nke abụọ.
Zọ ị ga-esi lelee ọbara glucose na-apụtachaghị.
Andnye na ọ bụ n'ihi gịnị ka enyere ọgwụ nnwale glucose ọbara?
Ngwakọta kọlụm sitere na Organic - sugar grape, nke a na-akpọkwa dextrose (ma ọ bụ glucose), bụ ihe kachasị enye ike maka ọtụtụ akụkụ na anụmanụ na ahụ mmadụ.
Ihe ndị ọ na - eweta n ’ụbụrụ ebute nsogbu ọ rụpụtara n’ụzọ dị ukwuu - ruo n’ obi njide obi nwa oge na nsogbu ndị ọzọ siri ike n’ọrụ.
N'ọrịa na ọnọdụ n'ọtụtụ, ntinye uche ya (ọnụọgụ na olu dị n'ọbara) na-agbanwe, mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-eji nwayọ, mgbe ụfọdụ na-eji oke egwu, ọ naghị ezukwa oke mkpa maka ahụ.
Ihe atụ dị mfe bụ ọnọdụ nrụgide mgbe ahụ na-akwado maka oke nrụgide. Ejiri mgbagha mara mma na shuga na ọnụnọ nke ọnụọgụ ya na obere oge n'ogo dị oke elu, a naghị anabata ya maka ọnọdụ udo.
Ọbara shuga (glucose) abụghị ihe bara uru mgbe niile, ọ na-ekpebisi ike n’oge ehihie (obere n’abalị), ọkwa nke ike n’arụ, yana ogo nke njikwa ya na nhazi ya site na ihe nrịanrịa nke mepụtara homonụ nke kwekọrọ: insulin na glucagon, nguzozi nke ihe di n’ime ya nke n’enwe ezigbo onodu. ihe oriri na - edozi ahụ (nke bụ ụbụrụ).
Site na mmerụ ahụ na ọrịa nke pancreas, a na-akpaghasị ọrụ enyi na homonụ, nke na-eduga ma mmụba nke glucose (hyperglycemia), ma ọ bụ mbelata ya (hypoglycemia).
Mkpebi nke ọdịnaya ya n'oge dị iche iche nke ụbọchị, na-enweghị ma ọ bụ nwere ibu, nwere ike inye ozi banyere ogo nke inye ndị akụkụ nri na-enye ihe oriri na carbohydrate n'ozuzu ya, ọ nweghịkwa naanị maka nchọpụta nke ọrịa shuga. Agbanyeghị, iji chọpụta ọrịa a, ọmụmụ ihe kachasị bụ ihe mmụta.
Ofdị nyocha
Iji mee nyocha nke gụnyere ọnụnọ nke ọrịa shuga mellitus ma ọ bụ ọrịa endocrine ọzọ, a na-eme ọtụtụ ọmụmụ banyere ihe mejupụtara ọbara, gụnyere:
- ule nnabata glucose (nnagide ya na oke ọnụọgụ), a na-ezo aka na ya dị ka ibu shuga;
- na-atụ pasent nke haemoglobin glycated na ya;
- nnwale nke fructosamine;
- nnwale na-egosipụta ike (ụzọ awara awara), nke na-atụle ogo nke carbohydrate enyere n’ime ọbara.
Nkọwapụta ndidi
Usoro a akpọre nnwale nnabata glucose na-akpọkwa:
- ule nnabata glucose;
- nnwale nnwale (ma ọ bụ ọnụ);
- ule nnabata nnabata glucose.
Ihe ngosiputa zuru oke maka ihe omume a bu oria nke anakpo metabolism (tinyere oria shuga) na udiri oria oria ya, ya na ileba anya na onodu ya ka ekpughere ma mesoo ndi oria.
Ngosipụta ihe - nke a bụ ugboro ole ị na - arụzu afọ ole ọbụla: maka ndị na - erughi afọ iri anọ na ise, nke a bụ oge 1 n’ime afọ atọ, maka ndị ruru - otu oge n’afọ.
Ofkpụrụ nke usoro ahụ bụ nyocha nke artificially nke ọkwa nke nsogbu ndị nwere carbohydrate na oke nrụpụta insulin.
Usoro gụnyere ịchọpụta mkpokọ nke carbohydrate a n'ọbara ugboro ugboro:
- n’akpa afọ
- mgbe ọ bụla nkeji iri atọ (30-60-90-120) mgbe shuga dịịrị (dị ka usoro oge gboo);
- emechaa elekere 1 na 2 - dịka atụmatụ dị mfe dị.
Teknụzụ, ibu shuga dị ka ị drinkingụ ọgwụ nke ụfọdụ ịta, gbakọọ afọ nke isiokwu ahụ. Maka ndị okenye, nke a bụ glucose na mmiri 75 g / 250-300 ml mmiri, maka ụmụaka 1.75 g / n'arọ nke oke ahụ.
Enwere ntụpọ: n'ihe banyere ndị okenye nwere nnukwu ahụ karịrị 75 n'arọ, a na-agbakwunye gram 1 nke ihe a kwa kilogram (ngụkọta ya enweghị ike karịa ókè 100 g).
Ngwọta ahụ drunkụrụ mmanya ruo minit 3-5. Ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ime nke a (ntachi obi ma ọ bụ mmebi nke ọdịmma), a na-agbanye mgbakwunye ahụ na akwara dịka ngụkọ (0.3 g / n'arọ nke uka).
Maka ntụkwasị obi nke nsonaazụ ahụ, a na-eme ọmụmụ abụọ dịkarịa ala, na ọtụtụ arụmọrụ ha, oge dị n'etiti nlele kwesịrị ịdịkarịa ala ụbọchị 30.
Nchọpụta amamịghe bụ na nnwale ahụ akọwara bụ usoro dị mfe nghọta karịa nnwale ọbara na-ebu ọnụ, n'ụfọdụ oge nnwale ahụ nwere ike dochie ule ọbara ọbara mgbe ị risịrị.
Nkọwa (isi) nke nsonaazụ bụ ntụle nke nsonaazụ nke ihe nnwale ahụ na steeti ebu ọnụ na awa 2 mgbe ị drinkingụchara ihe ọ solutionụ .ụ.
Ọ bụrụ na maka iwu akara nke mbụ erughị 5.5, nke abụọ erughị 7.8, mgbe ahụ maka nsogbu nnagide otu data bụ, n'otu n'otu:
- karịa 6.1;
- site na 7.8 ruo 11.1 mmol / l.
Onu ogugu enwere karia 6.1 (na afo efu) na kariri 11.1 mmol / l (ihe dika oge 2 gasiri ihe omumu) gosiputara onodu oria shuga.
Hemoglobin Glycated
Nke a bụ aha hemoglobin nwere njikọ chiri anya na glucose (glycogemoglobin) yana inwe koodu biochemical HbA1c. Mkpebi nke itinye uche ya bụ ihe ndabere maka ikpe oke ọkwa nke ihe ndị nwere carbohydrate - karie ka ọ dị, ka ị nweta ihe glycogemoglobin dị elu.
Ofzọ maka mgbakọọ ya na-enye gị ohere ikpebi nkezi ogo nke glycemia (ọkwa glucose n'ọbara) n’oge dị mkpa (rue ọnwa 3), na ọbụghị naanị otu uru ya na oge enyere n’oge.
Usoro a dabere na nkezi afọ ndụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie nke nwere haemoglobin - ọ bụ ụbọchị 120-125.
Site n'ọbara hyperglycemia (n'ihi ọrịa shuga mellitus), ọdịnaya nke haemoglobin agbụ na-abawanye ụba, ebe ndụ mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọbara na-ebelata, ya mere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnwa atọ.
Ihe ndabere maka idebanye ule ahụ abụghị naanị nchọpụta nke ọrịa shuga mellitus (gụnyere n'ime ụmụ nwanyị dị ime), kamakwa nleba anya banyere ọgwụgwọ nke iji ọgwụ hypoglycemic dị mma ọnwa atọ gara aga.
Nlele maka ule dị n’agbata 4 na 5.9% HbA1c. Na ọnụnọ nke ọrịa shuga, ekwesịrị idobe ihe ngosipụta ya na-erughị 6.5%, mana mmụba ya na 8% ma ọ bụ karịa na-egosi mfu nchịkwa nke metabolism na mkpa maka mgbazi ọgwụgwọ.
Inyocha ọkwa glycemia na Hb kwesịrị ekwesịA1c e nwere tebụl pụrụ iche. Yabụ hbA1c5% na-egosi normoglycemia (4.5 mmol / L), ebe otu akara ahụ, 8%, na-egosi hyperglycemia (10 mmol / L).
Ogo nke ntụkwasị obi nke nnwale ahụ nwere ike ibelata n'ihi nsogbu nke hematopoiesis (hemolytic anaemia), mgbanwe n'oge oge mgbanwe mgbanwe ebumpụta ụwa n'ọbara sel ọbara (yana ọrịa anaemia), ma ọ bụ n'ihi ọbara ọgbụgba.
Mkpebi ọkwa fructosamine
Nyocha maka ịta mkpụrụ nke fructosamine, nke emepụtara n'ihi mmụkọta, njikọ nke glucose na protein nke ọbara (ọkachasị na albumin), na-emekwa ka o kwe omume ịchọpụta steeti carbohydrate metabolism. Ebe ọ bụ na protein glycated nwere ndụ dị mkpụmkpụ karịa glycohemoglobin, nnwale ahụ na-egosi ọkwa shuga dị n'ime oge izu 2-3 tupu ọmụmụ ahụ.
N'ihi obere oge nke ịdị n'otu a (na-enwe ọmịiko n'otu oge), usoro a ga-aba uru maka:
- na-ekpebi ogo nke ụgwọ maka ọrịa shuga;
- na-elele ịdị irè nke ọgwụgwọ ọrịa;
- nwa obere oge nyocha nlebara shuga ọbara n’etiti ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ na ụmụ nwanyị dị ime.
Na mgbakwunye na idozi usoro ọgwụgwọ ọrịa shuga, a ga-edenye ya maka:
- ntinye nke usoro ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ insulin;
- ichikota nri ndi mmadu maka ndi oria shuga;
- atụmatụ nke ọkwa shuga n’ebe ndị ọrịa nwere nsogbu ọrịa insulin ọzọ karịa ọrịa shuga (ya na hypothyroidism, ọdịda akụrụ, oke immunoglobulin A).
N'ihi mmetụta nke akụrụngwa ụfọdụ na ọnọdụ ọbara (ọbara ọgbụgba na ihe ndị ọzọ) na glycated index haemoglobin, mkpebi nke fructosamine bụ naanị usoro nyocha ọzọ.
Prettughari onu ogugu a na egosiputa aru aka glycemia nke nwere fructosamine n’ime ndi okenye site na 205 ruo 285 μmol / L (maka umu aka ya pere mpe).
Mgbe ị na-ekpebi ogo ịdị irè nke ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa shuga mellitus, a na-ewere akara ngosipụta nke ọrịa shuga dịka ntọala:
- kwụrụ ụgwọ (na 286-320);
- ihe gbara ọkpụrụkpụ (na 321-370);
- decompensated (ihe karịrị 370 μmol / l).
Mbelata nke ihe ndị na-egosi:
- ọdịnaya albumin dị ala - hypoalbuminemia (gụnyere n'ihi ọrịa nephrotic syndrome na ojiji nke oke nke vitamin C);
- nephropathies nke ọrịa mamịrị;
- hyperthyroidism.
Na mgbakwunye na iwere oke ascorbic acid, ihe nwere ike imetụta nsonaazụ ya:
- hyperlipidemia (oke abụba n'ime ọbara);
- haemolysis (mbibi nke ọbara ọbara ọbara n'ụba na mwepụta haemoglobin).
Na mgbakwunye na ọrịa shuga, ihe ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndabere maka ịba ụba ọdịnaya fructosamine:
- hypothyroidism;
- ọdịda odida;
- immunoglobulins ngafe (IgA);
- Ọrịa Hisenko-Cushing;
- nnukwu mmerụ ahụ nke ụbụrụ, arụmọrụ na-adịbeghị anya na ya, ma ọ bụ ịdị adị nke neoplasms ọjọọ na mpaghara a.
Express usoro
Ọ dabere na ihe mere na obere usoro mmeghachi omume kemịkal nke na-eme n'ụlọ nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ mgbe ị na-eme ọmụmụ iji chọpụta ọnụọgụ ọbara.
Dị ka aha ahụ pụtara, ọ na-enye nsonaazụ nnwale n'ime otu oge site na oge etinye ọbara mgbakwunye na mpempe ule etinyere na ngwaọrụ biosensor nke glucometer.
N’agbanyeghi onu ogugu enwere ike gosiputa ya, o n’eme ka ike ijikwa shuga di n’ulo.
Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-enye ohere ịnwale:
- ngwa ngwa
- mfe;
- na-ejighi ngwa eji eme ihe ma sie ike.
A na-ejikwa glucose na-ejikwa ule ngwa ngwa:
- "Reflotest-glucose";
- Dextrostix;
- Dextron.
Etu esi akwadebe maka ule?
Testme ule nnabata glucose chọrọ iwepu ihe ndị nwere ike imetụta nsonaazụ nyocha ahụ - a ga-enyocha onye ọrịa n'ụlọ ọgwụ maka enweghị ọnọdụ na ọrịa ndị na-akpata iwe.
Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ anaghị enye mmachi maka mmega ahụ ma ọ bụ njirimara nke oriri na-edozi ahụ (oriri na-egbu carbohydrate dịkarịa ala 150 g / ụbọchị), mana ha chọrọ ka ekpochapụ ọgwụ nwere ike imetụta nsonaazụ ya.
Ekwesiri ime nri 8-12 awa tupu ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, amachibidoro ị useụ mmanya na ise anwụrụ ọkụ.
A na-eme nnwale ahụ na afọ efu, n'etiti awa 8 na 11 (n'ọnọdụ dị oke njọ, ọ karịghị awa 14).
Ọmụmụ na-enyocha ọdịnaya nke ọbara ọgbụgba ọbara glyclo achọpụtaghị afọ efu, ịkagbu ọgwụ, ma ọ bụ nri pụrụ iche, ikekwe n'oge dị mma maka onye ọrịa ma na-eme ya site na ịnakọta 3 cm³ nke ọbara venous. N'ọnọdụ ụkọ ọbara ma ọ bụ ọnụnọ nke ọrịa ọbara, onye ọrịa ahụ kwesịrị ịgwa onye ahụ na-eme nyocha ahụ.
Ihe maka fructosamine ule bu ọbara nke anara. Ijikwa omume ga-ekwe omume n'ehihie, usoro anaghị achọ mgbochi nri, afọ efu (a na-atụ aro iri nri 8-14 tupu nyocha, mana a na-eleghara ọnọdụ a anya na ọnọdụ mberede). A na-atụ aro ịhapụ oke anụ ahụ na nrụgide n’ụbọchị ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, ka ịghara ị drinkingụ mmanya.
