N’isiokwu a, ị ga-amụta n’ụzọ zuru ezu ụdị ụdị ọrịa shuga dị. Anyị ga-atụle ọ bụghị naanị ụdị "nnukwu" ụdị 1 na ụdị shuga 2, kamakwa ụdị ụdị ọrịa shuga a na-adịghị ahụkebe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọrịa shuga n'ihi nkwarụ sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ, yana nsogbu metabolism nke carbohydrates, nke ọgwụ nwere ike ibute.
Ọrịa shuga mellitus bụ otu ọrịa (ọrịa metabolism) ebe onye ọrịa nwere ogo glucose ọbara dị elu. A na-akpọ nke a hyperglycemia. Ihe na-akpata hyperglycemia na-adịgide adịgide na ọrịa shuga bụ na nzuzo nke insulin site na pancreas adịghịzi emebi, ma ọ bụ insulin anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma. N'ụfọdụ ụdị ọrịa shuga, a na - ejikọta ihe abụọ a n'otu onye ọrịa.
Enweghị ọrụ insulin bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ na pancreas “na -emepụta” ya obere, ma ọ bụ nwee ntụpọ na nzaghachi anụ ahụ na insulin. Ọbara shuga dị elu na-eme ka ndụ mmadụ dị obere ma na-ebute nsogbu na akụkụ ahụ na sistem dị iche iche. Nke a bụ eziokwu maka ọhụụ (ọrịa mamịrị retinopathy), akụrụ (nsogbu nke ọrịa shuga na akụrụ), arịa ọbara (angiopathy - vaskụla ụfụ), akwara (neuropathy mamịrị) na obi.
Ugbu a, anyị ga-ekewa ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus, nke ndị American Diabetes Association kwadoro na 2010. A na-ahụ nhazi nke ụdị ọrịa shuga dị ka nke zuru oke ruo taa.
Ọrịa shuga 1dị 1
Site na ọrịa a, mkpụrụ ndụ beta nke pancreatic na-emebi, nke a na-edugakwa oke insulin n'ahụ.
A) Ọrịa shuga alụpụ ọgụ 1 - mkpụrụ ndụ beta na-anwụ n'ihi “mbuso agha” nke sistem ahụ ha ji alụ ọgụ;
B) Idiopathic - ha na-ekwu otua ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị ike ikpebi ihe kpatara ọrịa shuga.
Ọrịa shuga 2dị 2
Ọ nwere ike ime n'ihi mmụba anụ ahụ na - eguzogide ọgwụ insulin - a na - akpọ insulin resistance, na nke a, ụkọ insulin bụ "ikwu".
Ọrịa shuga 2dị nke Abụọ na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ihi nsogbu nke pancreas, akụkụ nke mmebi insulin, nke ka jikọtara na nguzogide insulin.
Specificdị ọrịa shuga ndị ọzọ akọwapụtara
A) Mmebi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ beta:
- chromosome 12, HNF-1 alfa (MODY-3);
- chromosome 7, glucokinase (MODY-2);
- chromosome 20, HNF-4 alfa (MODY-1);
- chromosome 13, IPF-1 (MODY-4);
- chromosome 17, HNF-1 beta (MODY-5);
- chromosome 2, NeuroD1 (MODY-6);
- DNA mitochondrial;
- ndị ọzọ.
C) Ihe ntụpọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ọrụ insulin:
- pịnye ọgwụ insulin;
- leprechaunism;
- ọgba aghara-mendenhall;
- lipoatrophic dibet;
- ndị ọzọ.
C) Ọrịa nke ngwa plọgia:
- ọria aru
- trauma, pancreatectomy;
- usoro neoplastic;
- fibrosis cystic;
- hemochromatosis;
- fibrocalculeous pancreatopathy;
- ndị ọzọ.
D) Endocrinopathy:
- acromegaly;
- Ọrịa Hisenko-Cushing;
- glucagonoma;
- pheochromocytoma;
- hyperthyroidism;
- somatostatinoma;
- aldosteroma;
- ndị ọzọ.
E) Ọrịa shuga nke Ọgwụ ma ọ bụ Chemicals gosipụtara
- oghere (nsi maka akịrị);
- pentamidine;
- nicotinic acid;
- glucocorticoids;
- homonụ thyroid;
- diazoxide;
- alfa adrenergic antagonists;
- ndị na - emegide beta-adrenergic;
- ndị na - egbochi beta;
- thiazides (thiazide diuretics);
- dilantin;
- alfa interferon;
- ndị na-egbochi mgbochi (nje HIV);
- immunosuppressants (Tacrolimus);
- opiates;
- ọgwụ ọgwụ na-adịghị mma;
- ndị ọzọ.
F) Ọrịa
- afọ imu;
- cytomegalovirus;
- ndị ọzọ.
G) Usoro ọgwụgwọ ọrịa shuga na-alụ ọgụ na-enweghị atụ:
- ọrịa siri ike nke mmadụ (isi ike-nwoke -syndrom);
- ọgwụ mgbochi nye ndị na - anabata insulin;
- ndị ọzọ.
Usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị ọzọ na-ejikọta ya na ọrịa shuga:
- Ọrịa Down;
- Ọrịa Klinefelter;
- Ọrịa Turner;
- ọrịa tungsten;
- Fredericks ataxia;
- Huntington chorea;
- Lawrence-Moon-Beadle syndrome;
- myotonic dystrophy;
- porphyria;
- Ọrịa Prader-Willi;
- ndị ọzọ.
Rịba ama Onye ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga ọ bụla nwere ike ịchọ ọgwụgwọ insulin n'oge ọ bụla nke ọrịa ahụ. Ma onye ọrịa ahụ enweta ọgwụ insulin ma ọ bụ na ọ gaghị anata, nke a enweghị ike ịbụ ihe ndabere iji mee ka ọrịa shuga ya banye na klas ọzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ.
Afọ ụkwara ume ọkụ
Americantù Ọrịa Shuga nke America mere ka amata mellitus ọrịa shuga (nke mere na nwanyị n’oge ime) dị ka ụdị ọzọ. Ọ baghị n’uche ma a na-agwọ insulin ma ọ bụ naanị n’inye nri, na-enwekwa nsogbu ngwangwa nke carbohydrate ka ọ na-amụ nwa.
Izu isii ka ngwụcha afọ ime (ma ọ bụ mgbe emechara), a ga-enyochagharị nwaanyị wee kenye ya otu n’ime usoro ndị a:
- oria shuga
- nsogbu glycemia na-egbu mmụọ;
- ẹphe anọduje eme iphe dụ ẹji;
- shuga dị n'ọbara nkịtị bụ normoglycemia.
