Ọrụ nke homonụ na-eme ka mmadụ nwee ahụ mmadụ

Pin
Send
Share
Send

A na - emekọta akụkụ ahụ nile na akụkụ ahụ mmadụ, ọrụ ha na-abụkarịkwa ọkwa nke homonụ.

A na-agwakọta ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị a na-arụ ọrụ na pancreas ma na-emetụta ọtụtụ usoro dị mkpa.

N'ihi ezuru homonụ nke ahụ na-emepụta, a na-arụ ọrụ endocrine na exocrine.

Mkpụrụ ndụ akwara dị n’ime ala na ihe ha mepụtara

Ihe mejuputara arua bu akuku abuo:

  • ikpo okwu ma obu ikpochapu ya;
  • endocrine.

Isi ụzọ nke arụ ọrụ anụ ahụ:

  • Usoro endocrine nke anụ ahụ, nke na - eme n'ihi njikọta nke ọtụtụ nzuzo;
  • mgbaze nri n'ihi ọrụ nke enzymes.

Theka ahụ n'ahụ na-eme ka mgbanwe nke mgbanwe anụ ahụ dị n'ahụ, na-eduga na mmezi nke mmekọrịta guzobere n'etiti akụkụ ya.

Akụkụ nke exocrine gụnyere obere lobules e mepụtara site na acinal pancreatic. Ha bụ akụkụ kachasị nke akụkụ ahụ.

Obere accalary ducts na-anọchi anya ihe owuwu acini, yana mpaghara ndị na - arụ ọrụ na - arụpụta nnukwu enzymes diges:

  • trypsin;
  • chymotrypsin;
  • lipase;
  • amylase na ndị ọzọ.

A na-etinyere akụkụ endocrine site na agwaetiti palọ dị n'etiti acini. Aha nke abụọ ha bụ agwaetiti nke Langerhans.

Nke ọ bụla n’ime sel ndị a bụ maka nrụpụta nke ụfọdụ ihe na - arụ ọrụ:

  1. Glucagon - mkpụrụ ndụ alpha na-emepụta ya. Na-emetụta mmụba nke glycemia.
  2. Insulin. Mkpụrụ ndụ Beta nwere ọrụ maka njikọ nke homonụ dị mkpa a. Insulin na - enyere aka itinye glucose ma mekwaa onodu ya nma n’ime ọbara.
  3. Somatostatin. A na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ D-mkpụrụ ndụ. Ọrụ ya gụnyere nhazi nke ọrụ mpụga na nke ime nke gland.
  4. Peptide eriri afọ nke Vasoactive - A na - emepụta ya n'ihi arụ ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ D1.
  5. Polypeptide nke Pancreatic. Nmepụta ya gụnyere na mpaghara ọrụ maka mkpụrụ ndụ PP. Ọ na - achịkwa usoro nke izo ihe nzuzo ma na - akwalite mgbanwe nke ihe protein.
  6. Gastrin na somatoliberinnke ahụ bụ akụkụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ụfọdụ gland. Ha na-emetụta ogo ihe ọ theụ ofụ nke afọ, pepsin na hydrochloric acid.
  7. Lipocaine. A na-eme ihe nzuzo dị otú a site na sel nke ducts nke akụkụ ahụ.

Usoro nke ịbawanye na homonụ

Anụ ahụ ha chọrọ maka mmiri homonụ nke kwesiri ya na ihe oxygen na nri riri.

Ọrụ ha bụ:

  1. Ndozi sel na uto.
  2. Nke ọ bụla n’ime ihe ndị a na-arụ ọrụ na-emetụta mgbanwe na nnata nke ike site na nri enyere.
  3. Gbazi ọkwa nke calcium, glucose na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa Chọpụta dị na ahụ.

Ihe nke homonụ nke C-peptide bụ ihe ana - akpata insulin, n’oge njikọ nke ọ na - abanye n’ime usoro mgbasa, na - apụ na sel nke ala. Dabere na ntinye uche nke ihe dị na ọbara, a na-achọpụta ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus, ọnụnọ nke neoplasms na ọrịa imeju.

Iri oke ma ọ bụ, na ịka nkenke, enweghị homonụ na-eduga n'ọzụ nke ọrịa dị iche iche. Ọ bụ ya mere o ji dị mkpa ijikwa njikọ nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ihe ndị dị ndụ.

Glucagon

Ihe nzuzo a na-ewere ọnọdụ nke abụọ kachasị mkpa n'etiti homonụ nke gland. Glucagon na-ezo aka na polypeptides dị mpempe ibu dị ala. O nwere amino acid 29.

Ọbara Glucagon na-abawanye n'ihi nrụgide, ọrịa shuga, ọrịa, mmebi akụrụ na-adịghị ala ala, yana mbelata n'ihi fibrosis, pancreatitis, ma ọ bụ ntụpọ anụ ahụ.

Ihe nhazi nke ihe a bụ proglucagon, nke ọrụ ya na-amalite n'okpuru nduzi nke enzymes proteolytic.

Ọkpụkpọ glucagon metụtara:

  • imeju;
  • obi
  • olu ike;
  • anụ ahụ adị.

Ọrụ Glucagon:

  1. Ọ na - eduga na ngwangwa nke mmebi nke glycogen na sel nke mepụtara akwara ọkpụkpụ na hepatocytes.
  2. Na-akwalite mmụba shuga.
  3. Ọ na-egbochi biolynthesis glycogen, na-ekepụta ebe obibi maka ụmụ irighiri ihe na carbohydrates.
  4. Na-agbaji abụba dịnụ na ọdụdụ nke nwere ike ime dị ka isi iyi ike, yana gbanwee ka ahụ ụfọdụ ketone. Ọrụ dị otú a kachasị mkpa na ọrịa shuga, ebe ọ bụ na ụkọ insulin na-ejikarị ya na mmụba nke glucagon ịba.

Nsonaazụ edepụtara nke polypeptide na-eso akpata ịrị elu na-ebute ogo shuga dị n'ọbara.

Insulin

A na-ahụ homonụ a bụ ihe kacha arụ ọrụ na amịpụta. Mmepe na-eme n'esepụghị aka, n'agbanyeghị nri oriri. Ọbara glucose na-emetụta insulin biosynthesis. Molemụ irighiri ihe ya nwere ike ịbanye n’ime mkpụrụ ndụ beta, na-abanye n’ihu na-esochi ma na-eduga ịmepụta otu obere ATP.

N'ihi usoro a, a na-ebo sel ndị ahụ ion dị mma n'ihi ike ewepụtara, yabụ, ha na-amalite ịtụfu insulin.

Ihe ndi a n’enye aka na nguzobe homonụ:

  1. Mmụba na glucose ọbara.
  2. Oriri nri nke nwere ọ bụghị naanị carbohydrates.
  3. Nsonaazụ nke ụfọdụ kemịkal.
  4. Amino acid.
  5. Mmụba ọdịnaya nke calcium, potassium, yana mmụba nke asịd.

Mbelata nke ọnụọgụ homonụ na - emegide ihe ndabere nke:

  • ngafe somatostatin;
  • ịgbali nke alfa adrenergic ndị na-anabata ya.

Ọrụ:

  • na-edozi usoro metabolic;
  • na - eme ka akpịrịkpa (glucose daa);
  • na-etolite ikike carbohydrate;
  • na-egbochi njikọta glucose;
  • na - eme ka njikọ nke lipoproteins, acid dị elu;
  • Na-egbochi uto nke ketones, na-eme dị ka toxins maka ahụ;
  • na - ekere òkè na usoro protein bioproduction;
  • na-egbochi ịbanye n'ime ọdụdụ ọdụdụ n'ime ọbara, si otú ahụ belata ihe ize ndụ nke atherosclerosis.

Vidio gbasara ọrụ insulin dị n’ahụ:

Somatostatin

Ihe dị iche iche bụ homonụ nke sistem hypothalamic-pituitary, dịkwa ka ọghọm dị n'usoro ha si dị, ha bụ nke polypeptides.

Ọrụ ha bụ isi:

  1. Ihe mgbochi nke bioproducts na-ewepu homonụ nke hypothalamus, nke na-eme ka mbelata nke njikọta thyrotropin. Usoro a na - arụ ọrụ nke thyroid na glands omumu, na-ahụkarị metabolism.
  2. Na-ebelata nsonaazụ enzymes.
  3. Na-agbadata imepụta ọtụtụ mmiri ọgwụ, gụnyere insulin, glucagon, serotonin, gastrin na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ.
  4. Na-eme ka ọbara kesasị na oghere n'azụ peritoneum.
  5. Na-ebelata ọdịnaya glucagon.

Polypeptide

Ihe nzuzo ahụ mejupụtara amino acid 36. A na - emepụta sel ahụ n’ime mmiri site na mkpụrụ ndụ ndị nwere ebe dị n’akpịrịkụ na mpaghara isi yana mpaghara endocrine.

Ọrụ:

  1. Exocrine ejiji Arụ ọrụ n'ihi mbelata nke mkpokọta trypsin, yana ụfọdụ enzymes ndị dị na duodenum.
  2. Na-emetụta ọkwa na njiri mara nke glycogen nke emepụtara na sel sel.
  3. Na-emegharị uru ahụ nke ọnya afọ.

Mmụba nke ọkwa homonụ na-amalite n’okpuru mmetụta nke ihe dịka:

  • ibu ọnụ;
  • nri protein
  • arụ ahụ;
  • hypoglycemia;
  • homonụ nri usoro homonụ.

Mbelata ahụ bụ n'ihi ntinye glucose ma ọ bụ megide ndabere nke somatostatin.

Gastrin

Ihe a na-emetụta ọ bụghị naanị na pancreas, kamakwa afọ. N'okpuru nchịkwa ya, ihe niile dị ndụ na-etinye aka na mgbaze. Ebibi ya na usoro ya na-aka njọ ịba uru nke eriri afọ.

Iche iche:

  1. Nnukwu gastrin - nwere amino acid 4 na ya.
  2. Micro - mejupụtara amino acid 14.
  3. Obere - amino acid di n’usoro ya.

Ofdị nyocha nke homonụ

Iji chọpụta ọkwa nke homonụ, a na-eme nyocha dị iche iche:

  1. Diagnostic na abụọ. Emere nnwale ọbara ọ bụghị naanị iji mata ihe ndị na - arụ ọrụ n'ime akwara, mana iji mee ka njirimara nke homonụ nke pituitary.
  2. Nyocha mkpali, na-egosi iwebata ihe ndị na-eduga na ngagharị nke anụ ahụ emetụtara. Enweghị uto nke hormone pụtara mmepe nke emebi akụkụ ahụ n’onwe ya.
  3. Nnwale na-akpali akpali, nke na-agụnye ntinye nke gland blockers n'ime ọbara. Ntughari uche na ọrụ nke gland megidere ndabere nke ndọtị arụrụ ahụ ga-egosi mgbanwe na ọkwa nke homonụ.
  4. Ngwongwo ndu, nke n’eme ka ichoputa ogo nke otutu egosi, tinyere calcium, potassium, iron.
  5. Nnyocha ọbara maka enzymes.

Na mgbakwunye na ule ndị a dị n'elu, enwere ike ikenye onye ọrịa ahụ nyocha ọzọ, na-enye gị ohere ịme nchọpụta ziri ezi (ultrasound, laparotomy na ndị ọzọ).

Pin
Send
Share
Send