Ọkwa glucose dị n’ọbara bụ otu n’ime ihe na-egosi ịdị adị nke gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ na-egosipụta izizi nke usoro metabolic, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ usoro endocrine dum na ụbụrụ na-etinye aka na mmezi ya.
Mbelata glucose ọbara ga - ekwe omume n'ihi naanị homonụ - insulin. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, a na-asọpụ ya obere obere oge niile, na nzaghachi maka nri, isi eweghachi ya na-enye ohere glucose banye n'ime sel ma mee mmeghachi omume maka ume. Hormones nke adrenal glands, thyroid gland na glucagon sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ alpiginal pancreatic na-enye aka na ụba glycemia.
Mmeso nke glycemia ka egosiara mmadụ niile na okenye na nká dịkarịa ala 1 oge n’afọ, ọ bụrụ n’onye ọ bụla na-arịa ọrịa shuga, mgbe ahụ ọ na-agbakarị. Ekwesịrị ịchọpụta shuga dị n'ọbara mgbe egosipụtara ihe mgbaàmà nke enwere ike iwere dịka akara mbụ nke ọrịa shuga.
Kedụ ka esi achịkwa glucose ọbara?
Ihe ndị na-enye glucose n’ahụ mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe ike. Nweta ya n’ime ahụ na-adabere n’otú nri nwere carbohydrates.
N'otu oge ahụ, a na - ekpebi ọnụọgụ nke ịbanye n'ime ọbara site na nhazi - site na carbohydrates dị mfe, ọ na - amalite ịmịkọta ya n'ime oghere ọnụ, a na - ebu ụzọ bute ma ọ bụ enzyme amylase, mgbe ahụ glucose na ha na - abanyekwa n'ọbara.
Mgbe ahụ mkpụrụ ndụ na-eji akụkụ nke glucose maka mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, ọ na-etinyekwa ihe ka ukwuu na imeju ka a ga-eji glycogen mee ihe maka nrụgide anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke uche, ụba na-enweghị nri.
Ọzọkwa, usoro nke glycemia bụ ndị usoro ndị a na-arụ:
- Ntinye nke anụ ahụ na - arụ ọrụ insulin (imeju, akwara na adipose anụ ahụ) n’ime sel na - eme mgbe njikọ insulin nwere otu ihe nnabata.
- Nmebi nke glycogen na nguzobe otutu molikulu n’ime imeju bu ndi insulin na-edozi.
- Mmepụta nke insulin na nnabata nke glucose site na anụ ahụ na-adabere na ịrụ ọrụ nke usoro nchịkwa neuroendocrine: hypothalamus na pituitary gland, yana pancreas na adrenal glands.
Site na mmụba nke glucose ọbara, mmụba insulin na-abawanye. Nke a na - eme mkpalite kpọmkwem site na mkpụrụ ndụ glucose nke sel sel islet nke pancreas. Secondzọ nke abụọ iji mee ka ịtọpụ insulin rụọ ọrụ bụ ime ka ndị na-anabata ya na hypothalamus, nke na-emetụta ogo glucose.
Insulin na-enye umeji imeju glycogen site na glucose obara, yana sel iji mee ya. N’ihi ya, ọbara shuga na-ebelata. Onye na - emegide ọgwụ insulin bụ hormone nke abụọ (glucagon). Ọ bụrụ na a na-ebelata ọkwa glucose, glucagon na-abanye n'ọbara ọbara ma na-eme ka nkwụsị nke ụlọ ahịa glycogen na guzobe glucose ọhụrụ n'ime imeju.
Hormones site na adrenal medulla, nke gụnyere norepinephrine na adrenaline, glucocorticoids sitere na cortex, nwere mmetụta yiri ya na glucagon. Hoto uto na thyroxine (homonụ thyroid) nwekwara ike ịbawanye glycemia.
Nke ahụ bụ, homonụ niile ewepụtara n’oge nrụgide, ọrụ mụbara nke sistemụ ọmịiko na-abawanye shuga ọbara, na ụda olu dị elu nke ngalaba parasympathetic nwere mmetụta na-emegide (wedata ala).
Ya mere, abali miri ututu na ututu nke uto parasympatathy, ọkwa glucose dị ala.
Ọbara glucose
A na-eme usoro izizi nke shuga mgbe ezumike awa asatọ gasịrị nri, tumadi n'ụtụtụ. Tupu ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, ịnweghị ike ị drinkụ kọfị, anwụrụ ọkụ, na-egwu egwuregwu. Enwere ike ime nyocha ahụ n'ụlọ nyocha ọ bụla ma ọ bụ n'adabereghị n'ụlọ.
Iji mee nke a, ịkwesịrị ịzụta obere ngwaọrụ - glucometer. Ọ bụ ihe nyocha nke nwere ọtụtụ ihe maka njiri aka na mkpịsị aka nyocha nke a na-etinye ọbara. N'okpuru ọnọdụ enweghị atụ, ịkwesịrị ịkpọpu ohiri isi nke mgbanaka ma ọ bụ mkpịsị aka etiti. A na-asacha aka aka na mmiri ọkụ iji ncha.
Ejiri akpachapu anya kpochapu ahihia ka mmiri wee ghara ịdọrọ nsonaazụ nyocha. Ejiri obere ohiri isi na lancet n'akụkụ mkpịsị aka site na mmuị abụọ, mmịnye ọbara nke mbụ, a na-etinye ya nke abụọ na mpempe ule. Eepịpụta mkpịsị aka kwesịrị ka adịghị ike ka mmiri anụ ahụ ghara ịbanye n’ọbara.
A na-eme nyocha nke nsonaazụ nke ọbara dịka atụmatụ ndị a:
- Limitkpụrụ dị ala nke ụkpụrụ bụ 3.3 mmol / L.
- Na ọbara ọbara, site na 5.1 ruo 5.5 mmol / L bụ oke kachasị nke ụkpụrụ.
- Ọbara glucose 5.6-6.1 mmol / l - ókèala ala, mmiri ọgwụ ibu, ibelata nnabata glucose.
- Na-ebu ọnụ shuga dị elu karịa 6.7 mmol / L - ọrịa shuga na-enyo enyo.
Ọ bụrụ na enwere obi abụọ na nchoputa ya, yana na oke ọnụ ahịa, ọnụnọ nke mgbaàmà na-egosi ọrịa shuga, a na-eme nnwale glucose. A na-ezo aka na ya site na akara nke atherosclerosis, ọbara mgbali na-adịgide, oke ibu, polyneuropathy nke mmalite amabeghị na iji ọgwụ homonụ ogologo oge.
Iji mee nnwale n’ime ụbọchị atọ, onye ọrịa ahụ ga-agbaso ụdị nri ọ na-emebu, kwenye na dọkịta na ị takingụ ọgwụ, wepụ nrụgide, ị oveụbiga mmanya ókè, na ị drinkingụ mmanya. Usoro ị drinkingụ ihe ọ remainsụ remainsụ na-abụ otu, mana tupu ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, ọ ga-ekwe omume na-erughi awa 12-14.
A na-eme ntụle ahụ n’afọ na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla, ma emesịa mgbe 60 nkeji na awa abụọ gachara glucose 75 g. Odi n’arụ nwere ike ịnabata glucose. Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị na-atụle mmụba na 7.7 mmol / l. Ọ bụrụ na mgbe awa abụọ gasịrị, ịrị elu nke glycemia karịrị 11.1, mgbe ahụ, nke a bụ ihe akaebe na-akwado ọrịa shuga.
A na-enyocha ihe ngosi ndị dị n'etiti ụkpụrụ ndị a dị ka usoro nke ọrịa shuga shuga, ndidi na-anabata obere carbohydrates. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú a, a na-enye usoro iwu nri nke na-egbochi carbohydrates dị mfe na abụba anụmanụ na ịkọwa ọgwụ ọgwụ, ihe ga-abụ mbelata ibu nke anụ ahụ n'oge oke ibu.
Ọbara shuga dị na nwata
N'ime ọbara nke ụmụaka, mbelata shuga bụ physiological. Nke a na-apụtakarị ìhè n'ihe banyere nwa amụrụ na-amụghị amụ.
Ormalkpụrụ dị mma maka ụmụ aka sitere na 2.75 ruo 4.35 mmol / L, shuga ọbara nke nwatakịrị nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara ruo 5 mmol / L na-ezo aka na oke nke ụkpụrụ, ebe ọ na-ekwesịghị ịda n'okpuru 3.3 mmol / L.
Maka ụmụ akwụkwọ, a na -elekwa otu oke dị ka ndị okenye dị ka usoro. Ọ bụrụ na n’ime ụmụaka na-ebu ọnụ shuga shuga nke 6.2 mmol / L, mgbe ahụ nke a ka a na-akpọ hyperglycemia, ntụpọ glucose niile dị n'okpuru 2.5 mmol / L - hypoglycemia.
A na - egosi nnwale nwere ibu glucose mgbe nwatakịrị chọpụtara ihe ngosi nke 5.5 - 6.1 mmol / L. A na-enye ụmụaka glucose kwa kilogram nke ahụ ha na ogo 1.75 g / n'arọ.
Nwere ike ikwu maka ọrịa shuga na-enweghị afọ ojuju nke 5.5 na elu, yana awa abụọ ka e mesịrị karịa 7.7 (ụkpụrụ niile dị na mmol / l).
Ọ na-eme ka ọ ghara ime ihe ọ bụla n’ahụ mgbe ọ dị ime
A na-ewughachi ahụ ụmụ nwanyị n'oge afọ ime n'okpuru mmetụta nke homonụ nke na-emepụta ụmụ nwanyị na Plasenta, yana cortex adrenal. Homonụ ndị a niile na - eme insulin. Ya mere, ụmụ nwanyị dị ime na-azụlite ọgwụ insulin, nke a na-ele anya na ahụ.
Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa insulin emepụtara ezughi iji merie ya, mgbe ahụ ụmụ nwanyị na-ebute ọrịa shuga. Mgbe ịmụchara nwa, ọrịa shuga nke ụmụ nwanyị dị ime na-apụ n'anya ma gosipụta na-alaghachi na nkịtị. Mana a na-ebufere ndị ọrịa dị otú ahụ gaa na ìgwè dị ize ndụ, na n'ọnọdụ ọjọọ, ha nwere ike inwe ụdị shuga ụdị 2.
Ọrịa shuga na-ebute ọrịa afọ na-ejikọtaghị akara nke hyperglycemia, mana maka nwatakịrị, ọnọdụ nne a dị ize ndụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị gwọghị glucose ọbara dị elu, mgbe ahụ enwere ike ịmụ nwa nwere nsogbu mmepe. Oge kachasị njọ maka ọrịa shuga bụ ọnwa anọ na asatọ.
Ndị otu nọ n'ihe ize ndụ maka ịmalite ọrịa shuga mellitus gụnyere:
- Womenmụ nwanyị buru ibu karịa tupu ime ime ma ọ bụ ibu ngwa ngwa n'oge a.
- Ọrịa shuga 2dị nke abụọ n’ime ezigbo ndị ikwu.
- Ime ọpụpụ ma ọ bụ nwa ebu n'afọ nwụrụ.
- Anomalies nke mmepe ma ọ bụ afọ ime buru ibu.
- Polycystic ovary.
Ihe a choputara ichoputa oria bu: glycemia na-ebu onu karia 6.1 mmol / L, ma mgbe ituchara glucose (nnwale nnabata glucose) di elu karia 7.8 mmol / L.
Olee ọrịa shuga dị n'ọbara na-agbanwe?
Mgbanwe nke glucose ọbara nwere ike ọ gaghị emetụta ọnọdụ ọrịa. Ọrịa glycemia na-ebili mgbe e risịrị nri, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na o nwere carbohydrates dị mfe. Mmụba nke shuga dị n'ọbara na-akpata mgbatị anụ ahụ, ebe ọ bụ n'oge a, a na-erepịakwa ụlọ ahịa glycogen na anụ ahụ.
Ọnọdụ ịba ọcha n'anya metụtara ịhapụ homonụ na-akpata nchekasị na-eme na ihe mgbu dị ukwuu, n'oge nnukwu myocardial infarction, ọdịdọ akụkụ, na-agba ọkụ na nnukwu mpaghara mbibi.
Nguzogide carbohydrates belata site na ọgwụgwọ ịwa ahụ nke duodenum ma ọ bụ afọ. Nke a bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na nri anaghị akpa afọ n'afọ ma banye n'ime eriri afọ, ebe glucose na-agbadata n'ọbara.
Mmụba shuga dị n'ọbara, nke na-emebi arịa ọbara na akwara akwara, na-ebute mmepe nke ọrịa shuga. Nke a bụ ihe kachasị akpata hyperglycemia. Ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-akpata ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus 1, na nje virus, nchekasị na nsogbu ọnọdụ mgbochi ọrịa na-akpata dị ka ihe na-akpata ya.
Seconddị ọrịa shuga nke abụọ nwekwara ihe e ketara eketa na mmalite nke mmepe, mana ọ bụ njirimara ya karịa ka ọ na -eme n’oge okenye ma ọ bụ agadi, na-ebu oke ibu, na -akpata ọrịa vaskụla, ọbara mgbali elu, atherosclerosis.
Ọrịa ndị na-ebute hyperglycemia (ma e wezụga ọrịa shuga) bụ:
- Ọrịa imeju.
- Ọria oria akwara, kansa.
- Iwepu pancreas.
- Nsogbu ụbụrụ na-akpata.
- Thyrotoxicosis.
- Ọrịa Hormonal: acromegalmia, syndrome Hisenko-Cushing, gigantism, pheochromocytoma.
Drugs Aụ ọgwụ ogologo oge site na otu ọgwụ antihypertensive, diuretic na psychotropic, ọgwụ mgbochi, glucocorticosteroids, ọgwụ thyrotropic na catecholamines nwere ike ịkpalite mbelata nke nnabata glucose.
Ọbara shuga dị na nwatakịrị ma ọ bụ okenye abụghị obere ihe ize ndụ, ebe ọ bụ na-ebelata ihe oriri nke mkpụrụ ndụ ụbụrụ, nnukwu mmiri ọgwụ hypoglycemic nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ. Mgbagha a na - akpata ọgwụgwọ ọrịa mamellitus na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ karịrị insulin ọgwụ a tụrụ aro ya ma ọ bụ na-eri nri, ma na-a alcoholụ mmanya.
Nchikota insulin na ojiji nke ịbelata shuga, aspirin, ọgwụ nje, ụfọdụ ọgwụ antidepressants, antihistamines nwere ike ime ka mbelata nke glycemia. Site na ntinye nke insulin n’okpuru anụahụ, mana hypoglycemic ọgụ nwere ike ịmalite intramuscularly.
Ọrịa akwara ndị dị na ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara gụnyere: hepatic necrosis, mbelata nri na-edozi ahụ n'ime eriri afọ (ọrịa malabsorption), ọrịa Addison (arụmọrụ adrenal belatara), arụlata ọrụ nke akụkụ ọgbụgba yana akwara.
Mgbe ị na-achọpụta ọrịa, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche njehie nke nri, ogo nke ahụ na nke nrụgide, ọgwụ na ọkwa homonụ, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị.
Ya mere, otu ntụle shuga ọbara anaghị enye ozi zuru ezu gbasara steeti carbohydrate metabolism. Iji nyochaa nchoputa, a na-enye nyocha zuru ezu: nnwale ọbara biochemical zuru ezu, mkpebi nke ọbara ọgbụgba ahụ na-emetụta ahụ, urinalysis, yana, dị ka ihe gosiri, nyocha nke ultrasound.
Gịnị ka ị ga-eme ma ọ bụrụ na shuga dị n’ọbara ebili? Onye okacha mara ihe n’ile vidiyo a ga-akọwa nke a.
