Ọbara mgbali elu bụ ọnọdụ nke ọbara mgbali karịa ókè ọ bụla (140/90) ma n'otu oge ahụ na-achọpụta “omume” spasmodic ya n'usoro. Nrụgide nke ọrịa shuga mellitus dị ize ndụ karị, ebe ọ bụ na ihe egwu dị n'ọrịa infịction myocardial, ọrịa strok, gangrene nke mpaghara ala yana ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-abawanye ọtụtụ oge. Ya mere, a na-atụ aro ka onye na-arịa ọrịa shuga na-enyocha ọ bụghị naanị ọkwa nke glucose na ọbara, kamakwa mgbali ahụ.
Ihe kpatara mmepe
Ọrịa shuga mellitus na nsogbu bụ ọrịa ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ha. Ọzọkwa, isi ihe kpatara ọbara mgbali elu na T1DM bụ nephropathy na-arịa ọrịa mamịrị, bụ nke mmebi akụrụ na arụ ọrụ na-emetụta ya.
Ihe ndị na-akpata ọbara ọgbụgba na ọrịa a nwekwara ike ịbụ:
- ikike nke akụrụ;
- ọbara mgbali systolic dị mkpa ma ọ bụ nke dịpụrụ adịpụ;
- nsogbu endocrine.
Banyere ọrịa endocrine na ahụ nke na-akpalite mmepe nke ọbara ọgbụgba na ọrịa shuga, ihe kachasị dị n'etiti ha bụ:
- Ọrịa Hisenko-Cushing;
- pheochromocytoma;
- hyperaldosteronism na ndị ọzọ.
Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike ịhụ ọbara mgbali elu na T1DM na T2DM:
- na ụkọ n’ahụ nke ụdị kemịkalụ dị ka magnesium;
- nsogbu akparamaagwa nke na - eme megide ọnọdụ nke nrụgide ugboro ugboro, nchekasị uche, steeti nkụda mmụọ, wdg;
- na - ekpughe ihe ndị na - egbu egbu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Mercury, lead ma ọ bụ cadmium);
- atherosclerosis, na-akpata mbelata nnukwu akwara.
Nrụgide na T1
Dịka e kwuru n’elu, isi ihe na-akpata ọbara ọgbụgba n’ụdị shuga 1 bụ ọrịa mamịrị nephropathy, bụ́ nke akụrụ mebiri akụrụ. Dika onu ogugu uwa gosiputara, nsogbu a putara ihe dika 40% nke ndi oria ma gabiga ya na otutu onodu:
- ihe mbu bu nke aputara n’ime mmamiri nke obere protein albumin;
- nke abuo na egosiputa site na oru ndi n’eweputa ihe n’ile ya na ihe ya na mmamiri nke nnukwu protein albumin;
- ihe nke ato bu ihe ndi apuru imebi ihe akuko nke uto ya na mmepe nke odida akwara nke adighi ala ala.
Nsonaazụ ọbara mgbali elu
Mgbe akụrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, iwepụ sodium n'ahụ ahụ na-etisasị. Ọ na-etinye ya n’ọbara, iji nwee ike gbajie ya, mmiri na-amalite ịchịkọba n’ime arịa ndị ahụ. Mmụba ya na-eduga ná nrụgide siri ike na mgbidi nke akwara ọbara, nke na-akpali mmụba nke ọbara mgbali.
Nnukwu glucose dị n'ọbara na-eduga n'eziokwu ahụ na mmiri dị n'ime arịa na-agadị karịa. Nke a bụ mmeghachi omume nke anụ ahụ ma ọ na-eme ya na ebumnuche nke ọbara, ebe ọ bụ na shuga na sodium na-eme ka o sie ike. N'ihi usoro ndị a niile, olu nke ikesa ọbara na-abawanye na ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ọbara ji erugharị ugboro ugboro.
Nke a, n'aka nke ya, na - emetụta oke akụrụ ọrụ, ebe ọ bụ ha na - enyefe ọbara onwe ha, ebe ha na - enwe oke nrụgide. Mmụba na mgbasawanye ụbara ọbara na -ewe mmụba nke nrụgide n'ime akwara glomeruli, n'ihi nke ha na-eji nwayọ nwayọ na oge ọ bụla akụrụ malitere ịrụ ọrụ nke ukwuu.
Dị ka a na-achị, a na-eji ọgwụ ndị a na-emeso ọbara mgbali elu na ọrịa shuga na-arịa nephropathy:
- ọgwụ ndị na-ebelata shuga dị n’ọbara;
- Ndị na - egbochi ACE;
- ọgwụ diuretic;
- ihe mgbochi angiotensin.
Ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-ede ya n'otu n'otu yana ọ dabere n'ọtụtụ ihe:
- ogo nke ọrịa shuga;
- ogo mmepe nke ọrịa nephropathy mamịrị;
- ọnụnọ ọrịa ndị ọzọ na onye ọrịa.
Nrụgide na T2
Ọrịa shuga 2dị nke Abụọ na-amalite nwayọ nwayọ. Na mmalite nke mmalite nke mmepe ya, mgbe enwere mbelata nke mmetụta anụ ahụ na insulin, ndị ọrịa na-enwekarị ọbara mgbali elu. Ihe kpatara nke a bụ nnuku insulin n’ime ọbara, nke n’onwe ya na-akpalite ihe omume nke ọbara mgbali elu.
Mkpakọ nke ọrịa metabolic
Site na ogologo oge nke T2DM, akwara vaskụla lumen, nke a na-ebute site na mmepe nke ọrịa concomitant dị ka atherosclerosis. N'akụkụ a, n'ime afọ ime nwere ọtụtụ abụba na - emepụtakwa ọbara, si otú a na - abawanye mgbasa na ọbara mgbali elu.
Usoro ndị a niile na - eme n'ahụ mmadụ na ọgwụ, a na-akpọ ha metabolic syndrome. Ọ na-enyo na mmepe nke ọbara mgbali elu na nke a na-amalite ọtụtụ oge tupu ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 apụta.
Mmụba insulin dị n'ọbara nwekwara aha aha ya - hyperinsulinism, nke na-apụta n'ihi nguzogide insulin. Mgbe pancreas, nke na-arụ ọrụ na mmepụta insulin, malitere ịrụsi ọrụ ike, ọ na - agwụ ngwa ngwa "wee kwụsị ịnagide ọrụ ya, nke na-akpalite mmepe nke ụdị shuga 2.
Mgbe hyperinsulinism na-eme ahụ, ihe ndị a na-apụta:
- CNS nwere obi ụtọ;
- arụmọrụ akụrụ na-ebelata, nke na-eduga na nchịkọta nke sodium n’ahụ;
- ịba ụba insulin n'ọbara na-eme ka mgbidi nke arịa ọbara sie ike ma belata ịdị ọcha ha.
Usoro ndị a niile na-akpalite mmụba nke ọbara mgbali na mbibi ahụike n'ozuzu. Agbanyeghị, na nke a, ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ gakwuru dọkịta ngwa ngwa wee malite ịwa ahụ, enwere ike igbochi ọganihu nke ọbara mgbali elu na ụdị ọrịa shuga 2. Ọzọkwa, ọ dị mfe karịa ime na SD1. Naanị soro obere carb nri ma diụọ ọgwụ diuretic.
Njirimara nke ọbara mgbali elu na ọrịa shuga
N'ime ahụike, mbelata ọbara mgbali na-apụta naanị n'ụtụtụ na anyasị. Ọrịa shuga na-egbu ya ụbọchị niile. Ọzọkwa, n'abalị na ndị ọrịa mamịrị, nrụgide na-ebili nke ukwuu karịa n'ụtụtụ.
Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-atụ aro, nke a na-apụta n'ihi mmepe nke neuropathy mamịrị. Nke a bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na nnukwu glucose n'ọbara na-emetụta ọrụ nke sistemu akwara onwe ya, nke na-achịkwa ọrụ dị mkpa nke ahụ. N'ihi nke a, olu vaskụla na-ebelata ma dabere na ibu, ha na-amalite ime warara ma ọ bụ zuru ike.
Na ichikota, ekwesiri iburu n’obi na oburu na oria shuga na obara mgbali elu, ekwesighi itule obara 1-2 n’oge ubochi, kama n’abu ubochi dum. Younwekwara ike iji nleba anya, nke a na-arụ na ngalaba ụlọ na-eji ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche.
Na mgbakwunye na ọbara mgbali elu, ndị ọrịa mamịrị na-enwekarị hyperension orthostatic, nke a na-eji mmụba dị elu nke ọbara mgbali. Nke a na - abụkarị mgbe onye ọrịa gbanwere ọnọdụ ya (dịka ọmụmaatụ, site n'ụlọ ịgba akwụkwọ gaa na onye guzoro). Ọnọdụ a gosipụtara onwe ya na anya mmiri, "goosebumps" n'ihu anya, ọdịdị nke okirikiri gbara ọchịchịrị n'okpuru anya, na-ada mbà.
Nnukwu mgbakasị Orthostatic na-emekwa megide ndabere nke mmepe nke ọrịa neuropathy mamịrị na mfu nke ikike ịchịkwa ụda vaskụla. N'oge ahụ mgbe mmadụ biliri ọtọ, ibu ahụ n'ahụ ya na - ebili ozugbo, n'ihi nke ọ na - enweghị oge iji bulite ọbara ọgbụgba, nke a na - egosipụta site na mbelata ọbara mgbali elu.
Normkpụrụ ọbara mgbali elu n'ọrịa shuga
Iji belata ọbara mgbali, ndị dọkịta depụtara ọgwụ pụrụ iche. Mana ikwesiri were ha nke oma. Ihe a bụ na mbelata ọbara ọgbụgba nwere ike ịka njọ ọnọdụ onye ọrịa, nke ga-emetụta ọnọdụ ọjọọ nke sistem obi.
Ya mere, ọgwụgwọ nke ọbara mgbali elu kwesịrị ịmalite nke nta nke nta. Na mbido, ịkwesịrị isetịpụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ, belata ọbara mgbali gaa na 140/90 mm RT. Art. Nke a kwesịrị ịmalite n’oge izu anọ izizi. Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ nwere ahụike na enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla site na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, mgbe ahụ, a na-eji ọgwụ kachasị elu iji belata ọbara mgbali na 130/80 mm Hg. Art.
Ọ bụrụ na, mgbe a na-anara ya ọgwụ, ọ na-arịa ọrịa, ọ na-ebelata ọbara mgbali kwesịrị ịdị nwayọ karịa. Ọ bụrụ na ị medicationsụ ọgwụ kpalitere mmụba nke hypotension, a na-eji ihe ndị nwere ike ime ka ọbara mgbali elu dị elu. Mana ekwesịrị iji ha nke ọma na usoro nlezianya nke dọkịta nyere.
Ọgwụ ọbara mgbali elu na ọrịa shuga
Kedu ọgwụ ị ga-eme iji belata ọbara mgbali na ọrịa shuga, naanị dọkịta kpebiri. Dika ọgwụgwọ ogwu, enwere ike iji ogwu nke otutu ihe di iche iche.
Basickpụrụ bụ isi nke ọgwụgwọ ọbara mgbali elu na ọrịa shuga
Diuretics
N'ime ọgwụ diuretic ndị a na-eji agwọ ọbara mgbali elu, ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ:
- Furosemide;
- Mannitol;
- Amiloride;
- Torasemide;
- Diacarb.
N'okwu a, mkpụrụ ọgwụ na-enye ezigbo ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ dị ezigbo mma. Ha na - ewepu mmiri dị n'ahụ ahụ, si otú a na --ebelata oke nrugharị ọbara na mgbali n'ahụ mgbidi nke akwara ọbara.
Beta igbochi
Edere ndị ọrịa mamịrị n'ọnọdụ ebe onye ọrịa nwere:
- akwara obi;
- oge izizi;
- ọria aru.
N'ọnọdụ ndị a nile, ọbara mgbali elu nwere ike ịkpalite mmalite nke ọnwụ mberede. Ebumnuche nke ndị na - egbochi beta na - agbasawanye arịa ọbara na ịbawanyewanye ike nke anụ ahụ na insulin. N'ihi nke a, a na - enweta ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ abụọ n'otu oge - nhazi ọkwa nke ọbara mgbali elu na ọkwa glucose ọbara.
Ruo taa, a na - ejikarị ọgwụ mgbochi beta ndị a dịka ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ maka ọbara mgbali elu na ọrịa shuga:
- Non-tiketi;
- Coriol.
- Carvedilol.
Okwesiri iburu n’uche na e nwekwara ndi na - egbochi beta na ahia ogwu n’enweghi vasodilating. A machibidoro ya iwere ịrịa ọrịa shuga, ebe ha na-abawanye nkwụghachi nke insulin nke anụ ahụ na -ewepụta, ma na-akpalite mmụba nke cholesterol "ọjọọ" n'ọbara, nke na-eduga n'ọrịa nke ọrịa na-esite na nsogbu ndị ọzọ siri ike.
Ihe mgbochi Calcium
Ndị a gụnyere ọgwụ ndị a:
- Amlodipine;
- Nifedipine;
- Lacidipine;
- Verapamil;
- Isredipine.
Ọgwụ ndị a nwere mmetụta bara uru na mgbasa ọbara ma na-enye akụrụ nchebe zuru oke, ya mere, a na-enyekarị ha ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa nephropathy. Ihe mgbochi Calcium enweghị mmetụta nephroprotective ma enwere ike iji ya na ACE ndị na-egbochi ya na ndị na-anabata angiotensin-II.
Ọgwụ ndị ọzọ maka ọgwụgwọ ọbara mgbali elu na ọrịa shuga
Dịka ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ nwekwara ike iji:
- Ndị na - egbochi ACE;
- ihe mgbochi angiotensin-II;
- alfa adrenergic blockers.
Ọzọkwa, a ga-eji nnabata ha na nri ọgwụgwọ, nke na-esighi na nri nke nnu, nkee ghere eghe, nke na-ese anwụrụ, nke abụba, ntụ ọka na nri ụtọ. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ na-agbaso ndụmọdụ niile dọkịta nwere, ọ ga-enwe ike ịkwụsị ọbara mgbali ngwa ngwa ma mee ka mmepe nke ọria mamịrị na-achịkwa ya.